The painful foot, Part II: Common rearfoot deformities.

As with deformities of the forefoot, deformities of the rearfoot often respond well to conservative therapy. Rest and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications are often used. Patients with plantar fasciitis may benefit from corticosteroid injections. Surgery may be helpful in refractory cases. Haglund's deformity is associated with pain in the area of the osseous ridge on the posterosuperior aspect of the calcaneus. The retrocalcaneal bursa may be inflamed. This disorder is diagnosed by palpation of the painful area. Conservative treatment consists of minimizing pressure over the osseous ridge. Corticosteroid injection is not advised since it may weaken the Achilles tendon. Surgical intervention consists of resection or reduction of the osseous ridge. Posterior calcaneal spur is another cause of heel pain. The spur can be visualized radiographically in the tendon insertion. Treatment is conservative, with footgear modification and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. Surgery to remove the spur may be indicated if conservative measures fall to relieve the pain. Tarsal tunnel syndrome is characterized by pain and numbness from the medial malleolus to the sole of the foot. Conservative treatment includes reducing abnormal pronation with an orthosis.