Dietary Protein

It is a milk based protein shake. Ingredients include a combination of the following depending on protein content: Boost Plus (a commercial supplement), Unjury (a commercial whey protein isolate), nonfat dry milk powder, Sol Carb (commercial supplement composed of a carbohydrate polymer), canola oil, and water.
In order to ensure consistency across all participants each beverage will be prepared in the Clinical Translational Research Unit Metabolic Kitchen under the supervision of a registered dietitian prior to the study participant's visit. Ingredients are individually weighed on a food scale by metabolic kitchen staff to the nearest 0.1 g and then mixed using a magnetic stir plate.
Nutritional breakdown of the smoothies (high versus low protein):
High protein drink nutrition: 500 kcal per serving, 50% protein, 17% fat, and 36% carbohydrate.
Low (standard) protein drink nutrition: 500 kcal per serving, 10% protein, 17% fat, and 73% carbohydrate.

Dietary protein shake

Washington University

Dietary Protein and Monocyte/Macrophage Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling

Acute Effects of Dietary Protein on Monocyte/Macrophage mTOR Signaling and Downstream Sequela

Changes in amino acid levels and corresponding changes in mTOR activation will be quantified at baseline (time 0 hour prior to ingestion of a protein shake), then at 1 and 3 hours after ingestion of a protein shake.

Blood collected at three different time points (0, 1 and 3 hours) will be used to measure changes in markers of autophagy and apoptosis at baseline (time 0 hour prior to ingestion of a protein shake), then at 1 and 3 hours after ingestion of a protein shake.

Blood collected at three different time points (0, 1 and 3 hours) will be used to measure changes in levels of reactive oxygen species at baseline (time 0 hour prior to ingestion of a protein shake), then at 1 and 3 hours after ingestion of a protein shake.

Blood collected at three different time points (0, 1 and 3 hours) will be used to measure changes in cytokines at baseline (time 0 hour prior to ingestion of a protein shake), then at 1 and 3 hours after ingestion of a protein shake.

Washington University School of Medicine

Overweight

Obesity

Dietary supplement containing vitamins, minerals, and herbs

Shakes with nutrients and herbs

Control dietary supplement

Isocaloric, isonitrogenous control shakes without herbs

Personal energy tracking tool

Pharmanex

Dietary Supplements and Personal Energy Tracking Device to Promote and Maintain Healthy Weight

Evaluation of Dietary Supplements (Shakes and Supplements) and Personal Energy Tracking Device to Promote and Maintain Healthy Weight

Weight Loss

1170-1870 kcal/day liquid diet

Gastric bypass surgery

Biopsy.visceral adipose tissue

Biopsy.omental adipose tissue

Biopsy. subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue

Blood sample

Boston University Medical Center

Use of MCT Oil for Enhancement of Weight Loss in Obese Patients

Use of MCT Oil for Enhancement of Weight Loss in Obese Patients-Preliminary Phase 2002-291G

Boston Medical Center