Serum and fecal specimens (gut microbiome DNA)

Metabolic Syndrome

Inflammation

Hypertriglyceridemia

Obesity

Impacts of Aronia on Inflammation and the Gut Microbiome

Determining the Gut Microbiota-dependent Impacts of Anthocyanin-rich Aronia Berries on Obese Individuals of Distinct Inflammatory Phenotypes

Serum levels of a six cytokine panel: interleukin (IL)-1B, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)

Taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome measured from 16s rRNA sequencing of stool samples

TG concentrations before, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours following consumption of a meal containing 50 g of fat (toast with butter)

Cytokine panel (IL-1B, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, TNF-a, and GM-CSF) before, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours following consumption of a meal containing 50 g of fat (toast with butter)

Serum metabolome before, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours following consumption of a meal containing 50 g of fat (toast with butter)

Fasting serum TG, LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol

Serum metabolome measured after an overnight fast

Maximal aerobic capacity (ml of O2 per kg of body mass per min)

Self report of the number of days each week in which aerobic, strength, and stretching type exercises are performed

Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

Montana State University

Participants will consume 100 ml of pure Aronia juice per day for 28 days

Participants will consume 100 ml of Aronia juice-based beverage per day for 28 days.

Participants will consume 100 ml of Placebo beverage per day for 28 days

Hypertension

Overweight

Pure Aronia juice with appx. polyphenols content of 1000 mg gallic acid equivalents/100ml

Pure Aronia juice

Aronia juice-based beverage with appx. polyphenols content of 250 mg gallic acid equivalents/100ml, obtained as a blend of ¼ vol. of pure Aronia juice and ¾ vol. of placebo beverage.

Aronia juice-based beverage

A polyphenol-free formulation with matched nutrient composition (sugars, vitamins, minerals) and similar sensory characteristics to active interventions

Placebo beverage

Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade

The Effects of Aronia Juice Polyphenols on Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Investigation of Beneficial Effects of Aronia Juice (Aronia Melanocarpa) and Dietary Polyphenols on the Activity of Thrombocytes as Well as Other Risk Factors Causing Cardio-vascular Diseases

Percentage of P-selectin and GPIIbIIIa positive platelets evaluated in total number of 20000 platelets, percentage of platelet-monocyte aggregates in 1000 monocytes and percentage of platelet-neutrophil aggregates in total 20000 neutrophils, all by flow cytometry, in non-treated blood samples and after ex vivo treatment of the whole blood with adenosine-diphosphate (0.5 μM and 20 μM)

In 12h-fasting and 2h postprandial serum samples analysed by biochemical analyser.

Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels in 12h-fasting serum samples analysed by biochemical analyser

In 12h-fasting and 2h postprandial serum samples analysed by biochemical analyser

Mean of 3 x 2 consecutive office measurements performed within 30 min at each time point with professional OMRON device

Body weight will be measured by bio-impedance scale

Waist circumference will be measured by professional tape, according to the guidelines

Body mass index will be calculated based on values obtained as body weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.

Body fat as percentage of total weight measured by bio-impedance instrument

Body water as percentage of total weight measured by bio-impedance instrument

Percentages of total body muscle mass in kilograms will be measured by bio-impedance instrument

Aspartate transferase, alanine transferase , direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase , lactate dehydrogenase levels in 12h-fasting serum samples analysed by biochemical analyser

Urea and creatinine levels in 12h-fasting serum samples analysed by biochemical analyser

In 12h-fasting serum samples analysed by biochemical analyser

Both caloric intake and intake of polyphenols will be assessed by standardized food-frequency questionnaire and 24-recall at baseline and after each wash—out period, based on data from Serbian Food Composition database. The agreements between two methods will also be assessed.

aronia alnifolia/köklük

Impacts of Aronia on Inflammation and the Gut Microbiome

The Effects of Aronia Juice Polyphenols on Cardiovascular Disease Risk

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