A repeated-measures model will be used. This means that participants in a single arm will be tested in all conditions. Speech recognition and listening effort outcomes will be measured in two conditions: with and without a bone-conduction headset.

Auditory Processing Disorder

A bone-conduction headset paired with a microphone will be used.

Bone-conduction headset

Childrens' Hearing Evaluation and Amplification Resource

An 'Off-the-shelf' Assistive Listening Device: Normal-hearing Children.

Testing Speech Intelligibility Outcomes With a Commercial Bone-conduction Headset in Children With Normal Hearing.

The main outcome measure will be an age-appropriate speech test. This test is called "McCormick Toy Test" and it consists in measuring the level needed for the child to identify 71% the words in a closed-set list. A minimum of three reversals is needed to determine the outcome. The outcome is the level of speech in dB (A). Lower levels indicate better performance. The test will be performed in quiet and in noise, with and without the headset.
The statistical analysis will depend on the characteristics of the data. Because the data are discrete, performing Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) will not be possible. Comparisons of thresholds obtained in different conditions will be done using non-parametric tests.

A dual task listening effort measure where the children are asked to pay attention to a screen and follow a simple instruction (press a button if they see a given shape and colour) while they also have to repeat words presented to them via loudspeakers. This paradigm has been used with children before. The listening effort outcomes are measured in terms of reaction time. A shorter reaction time indicates less effort. Differences in reaction time across conditions (without headset vs with headset) will be assessed performing ANOVA tests.

A short non-standardized questionnaire about acceptability of the device. The outcomes of the questionnaire will be qualitative data in order to detect patterns in the responses (i.e. dislike of the device, willingness to wear it publicly, etc.) and any patterns detected will be reported.

Children's Hearing Evaluation and Amplification Resource, Ltd.

Patients who did not agree to use hearing aids

Auditory Processing Disorder, Central

Hearing aids

Asan Medical Center

Central Auditory Processing and the Use of Hearing Aids

Evaluation of the Central Auditory Processing in Patients (Elder Than 45 Years Old) With Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss and the Change of the Central Auditory Processing Ability by the Use of Hearing Aids (CAPHA)

HINT measures a person's ability to hear speech in quiet and in noise. In the test, the patient is required to repeat sentences both in a quiet environment and with competing noise being presented from different directions.

The central auditory processing disorder test is composed of three subtests; duration pattern test, frequency pattern test and dichotic words test. The patient is required to discriminate long duration sound from short one and high frequency sound from low one, and to repeat two words that are given simultaneously.

Jong Woo Chung

Brain Mapping

Intracranial Central Nervous System Disorder

Epilepsy

Auditory Perceptual Disorder

Hearing Disorder

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike

Connectivity Analysis for Investigation of Auditory Impairment in Epilepsy

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)

Normal-hearing adults between 18 and 31 years of age.

auditory perceptual disorders/karlıq

An 'Off-the-shelf' Assistive Listening Device: Normal-hearing Children.

Central Auditory Processing and the Use of Hearing Aids

Connectivity Analysis for Investigation of Auditory Impairment in Epilepsy

The Gaps-in-Noise Test: Gap Detection Thresholds in Normal-Hearing Young Adults

Elm tərəfindən dəstəklənən ən tam dərman bitkiləri bazası