Subjects having periapical disease diagnosed clinically and radiographically and free from any other systemic illness. FMD and c-IMT will be determined by ultrasound

Healthy subject. FMD and c-IMT will be determined by ultrasound

Apical Periodontitis

The diameter of the target artery (right brachial artery) will be measured from two- dimensional ultrasound images, with a 70 MHz linear array transducer and a standard 128XP/10 system (Acuson, Mountain View, California, USA).
c-IMT will be assessed by M-mode ultrasonography via a vivid 7 MHz linear array transducer and a standard 128XP/10 system (Acuson, Mountain View, California, USA) with participants in the supine position.

FMD and c-IMT

Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences

Association of Endodontic Infection With Cardiovascular Disease.

Association of Endodontic Infection With Cardiovascular Disease Via Non-invasive Assessment of Endothelial Function

The primary outcome variables observed for the study will be the difference in the FMD and c-IMT of the test group and control group.

Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences Rohtak

PET/CT Imaging with administration of [F-18] RGD-K5

Carotid Arteries

PET Imaging/scan with [F-18] RGD-K5, PET Imaging/scan with RGD-K5, PET Imaging/scan with K5

PET/CT Imaging with [F-18] RGD-K5

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

TRACER [F-18] RDG-K5 Carotid Plaque Imaging Study

An Exploratory, Phase II, Open Label, Single-Center, Non-Randomized Study Of [F-18] RGD-K5 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) In Participants With Carotid Artery Stenosis

To assess the uptake of [F-18] RGD-K5 by carotid plaque with PET/MRI imaging in participants prior to carotid endarterectomy and thereby determine if carotid plaque that causes significant stenosis [in participants being considered for carotid endarterectomy (CEA)] is characterized by increased integrin expression and enhanced angiogenesis.

to collect safety data of [F-18] RGD-K5 when given with PET/MRI imaging

Balaji Tamarappoo

Staff, Cardiac Imaging

Persons who have migraine aura and no evidence of PFO, based on transcranial Doppler evaluation.

Persons who have migraine aura and large PFO, as assessed by transcranial Doppler evaluation.

Control (Absence of PFO)

Large PFO

Total

Sex: Female, Male

Region of Enrollment

Embolic tracks on transcranial Doppler at rest and following calibrated Valsalva maneuver

Embolic Tracks

The percentage change in basilar artery blood flow velocity from baseline between hypercapnia (increased blood CO2) and hypocapnia (decreased blood CO2), as measured by transcranial Doppler during a single testing period. This is calculated using the following equation:
VMR = 100 x (VelocityHYPERCAPNIA - VelocityHYPOCAPNIA) / VelocityBASELINE

Cerebral Vasomotor Reactivity (VMR)

Platelet-poor plasma levels of sCD40L and P-selectin, and serum concentration of TXB2.

Platelet Activation

An apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >10 per hour during a home sleep study, defined as at least 5 hours of recorded data on the portable sleep monitor instrument for either the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) or oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and at least 3 hours for the other index. The scale adopted for assessment of sleep apnea is as follows: AHI < 5, optimal; AHI 5-10, equivocal, participant may have sleep apnea; AHI >10, sleep apnea highly likely.

Sleep Apnea, Number of Participants

Cognitive function will be assessed by a battery of performance-based neuropsychological tests.

Cognitive Function

Measurement of number of times per hour blood oxygen saturation decreases by at least 4% during home sleep study.

Oxygen Desaturation Index

Presence and severity of white matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging, taken within 5 years prior to study enrollment. Subjects will not have magnetic resonance imaging performed as part of this study. Films will be requested and an independent neuroradiologist will assess presence of white matter lesions.

White Matter Lesions

Overall Study

Jill T. Jesurum, Ph.D.

Migraine With Aura

Patent Foramen Ovale

Swedish Medical Center

The University of Washington

Comorbidities Associated With Migraine and Patent Foramen Ovale (CAMP)

University of Washington

Coherex Medical

The John L. Locke, Jr. Charitable Trust

National Headache Foundation