infants subjected to corrective surgery for congenital abnormalities and needing prolonged PN using a new generation intravenous lipid emulsion

infants subjected to corrective surgery for congenital abnormalities and needing prolonged PN using a current intravenous lipid emulsion

Intrahepatic, Cholestasis

Exclusive total parenteral nutrition using a new generation intravenous lipid emulsion composed of 30% LCT n-6 (soybean oil), 30% MCT (coconut oil), 25% monounsaturated fatty acids (olive oil), 15% LCT n-3 (fish oil) and α-tocopherol

SMOFlipid

Exclusive total parenteral nutrition using a current intravenous lipid emulsion composed of 50% LCT (soybean oil) and 50% MCT (coconut oil)

Lipofundin

Reduction of Neonatal Parenteral Nutrition Associated Cholestasis Through Lipid Emulsions

Incidence and Severity of Parenteral Nutrition Associated Cholestasis in Neonates Subjected to Major Surgery, Using Two Mixed Intravenous Lipid Emulsions

Conjugated serum bilirubin >1 mg/dl (34 mmol/L) (Moyer, 2004).

The severity of cholestasis was evaluated by the magnitude of the serum conjugated bilirubin and serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT).

Luís Pereira-da-Silva

MD, PhD

Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central

Probiotic: L. rhamnosus GG (0.35 x 109 colony-forming units [CFU]) and B. infantis (0.35 x 109 CFU) daily

Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium infantis'

Probiotic

Placebo

Tygerberg Hospital

Probiotics in the Management of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in HIV-exposed Premature Infants

The Use of Probiotics in the Management of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in HIV-exposed Premature and Very-low Birth Weight Infants

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium infantis have been used as probiotics to reduce the incidence of NEC. The Product that was used is Pro-B2, it contains L. rhamnosus GG and B. infantis. The product was supplied by C Pharm. The study group received L. rhamnosus GG and B. infantis for 4 weeks (28 days). The control group received a placebo oil preparation, administered as drops of the oil vehicle used in manufacturing the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium infantis suspensions. A daily dose of 5 drops of the probiotic/ placebo was administered to the infants. The probiotics/ placebo was administered by the research assistant or investigator who only followed the assigned randomization of groups. The standard feeding protocol of the ward applied during the study. The breast milk of HIV positive mothers were pasteurised according to ward protocol.

Breast milk samples of HIV positive and HIV negative breast milk was tested. All breast milk samples were raw untreated specimens therefore milk samples did not undergo any pasteurization procedures Breast milk was collected in sterilised containers with lids Each sample contained a volume of 5-10ml of breast milk for the analysis
Sample 1 The first milk sample was collected on day four of lactation Sample 2 The second milk sample was collected on the tenth day of lactation Sample 3 The third sample was collected on the final day of the study
Day 28 after birth and the end of the neonatal period If a mother was unavailable during the breast milk sample collection the breast milk samples were collected during the first available time All milk samples were collected by the investigator or research assistant who was standardized for all protocol procedures

All study infants were weighed daily by the nursing staff. Weights were taken for study infants that were incubated and those that were not. Daily weights were recorded from each participant's medical file by the investigator or research assistant. Any drastic weight chances were queried and the measurement was repeated under supervision of the investigator or research-assistants.
Infants were measured on day one of the study thereafter the length and head circumference was measured weekly. Upon exiting the study (day 28), the length and head circumference was measured again. Therefore five measurements on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 were taken.

gastroschisis/triglyceride

Reduction of Neonatal Parenteral Nutrition Associated Cholestasis Through Lipid Emulsions

Probiotics in the Management of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in HIV-exposed Premature Infants

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