The objects use for task-specific mirror therapy are duster, glass, the wooden block of different sizes and shapes, beads, coin, paper cards and spongy ball. In all these activities shoulder horizontal flexion-extension, adduction-abduction, elbow flexion-extension, forearm supination-pronation, wrist flexion-extension, finger flexion-extension, abduction, adduction, opposition, are performed automatically.

Treatment involved rapid passive stretching of the muscles of the targeted joints in conjunction with tapping and rubbing the skin to assist in the generation of a contraction.Shoulder horizontal flexion-extension , adduction-abduction ,elbow flexion-extension, forearm supination-pronation, wrist flexion-extension, finger flexion-extension, abduction, adduction, opposition, are performed

Stroke Patient

Patients in Task-specific mirror box therapy group will receive therapy for 30 min/day, 3 times/week for 6 weeks.
The patient is seated close to a table a mirror (33*35 cm) was placed vertically. The involved hand was placed behind the mirror and uninvolved in front of the mirror.
The subject is asked to transfer small cubes from the middle position to the lateral side, placing pegs in holes and taking them out, turning over paper cards, placing steel needles in holes, stacking blocks, and putting glass on a shelf.
During the sessions, subjects will be asked to try and do the activity on the unaffected side and asked to do some movement with the paretic hand simultaneously.

mirror box therapy

The patients in the control group will receive Repetitive Facilitation Exercise for 30 min/day, 3 times/week for 6 weeks.
Repetitive facilitative techniques were used to elicit movement of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and fingers in a manner designed to minimize synergistic movements.
Participants were directed to concentrate on generating movement on the joint being treated while avoiding contraction of non-targeted muscles.
Therapists provided verbal directions with commands such as "bend/straighten" or "one, two, three.
Participant efforts were supplemented as necessary to achieve a full range of motion (ROM)

Repetitive Facilitation Exercise

Riphah International University

Mirror Therapy Versus Repetitive Facilitation Exercise on Upper Limb Function

Effects of Mirror Therapy Versus Repetitive Facilitation Exercise on Upper Limb Function in Post-stroke Patient

Fugl meyer assessment tool is used for the evaluation of recovery extent in post stroke patients. It consists of 226 total points and is divided in 5 major domains including sensory function, motor function, joint range of motion, balance and pain each domain contain multiple sub items. Scoring is being recorded on a (3-points ordinal scale) . FMA is also a reliable and highly valid tool with ICC=0.96 and internal consistency is 94.7%.

The (WMFT) is considered as numerical catalogue for the assessment of upper extremity motor function. Motor skills of patients are assessed through time and well designed, practical and functional tasks. Total 15 task has been performedThis is also a reliable tool for upper limb motor function with fair interrater reliability as the value of ICC=0.97-0.99and internal consistency is 92.4%.

Upper extremity functional index is use for outcome measure in stroke patient. It consist of 20-item questionnaire and each item has 5 point ordinal scale The total sum of all item the final score is 80 point. The reliability of upper extremity functional index is (ICC=0.94)

Burnnstrom recovery scale is use for motor recovery in stroke patient .It consist of 7-stages, 1=Flaccid Paralysis,2=Spasticity,3=Spasticity is marked ,4=Spasticity decreased,5= Spasticity wanes,6= Coordination and pattern of movement can be near normal ,7=Normal The inter-rater reliability if burnnstrom recovery scale is (ICC 0.89-0.98) for arm and (ICC 0.69-0.92)for hand.

rTMS with "sham" coil. Sessions will be administered 5 days a week (Monday to Friday) during two consecutive weeks.

rTMS in series of 20 trains of 6 s in duration (54-s intertrain interval) at a stimulation rate of 10 Hz (1200 pulses) at an intensity of 90% rest motor threshold. Sessions will be administered 5 days a week (Monday to Friday) during two consecutive weeks.

Phantom Limb Pain

rTMS

A coil with similar appearance to the active coil in shape and weight, producing a similar sound artifact but without emission of a magnetic pulse is used for the control group.

Sham rTMS

Fundacion Cardiovascular de Colombia

Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Phantom Limb Pain in Landmine Victims: ANTARES

Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients Victims of Landmines With Phantom Limb Pain

phantom limb/infarction

Mirror Therapy Versus Repetitive Facilitation Exercise on Upper Limb Function

Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Phantom Limb Pain in Landmine Victims: ANTARES

Elm tərəfindən dəstəklənən ən tam dərman bitkiləri bazası