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Quantitative correlations between the contents of the flavonolignans silychristin A and silybins A/B provide biosynthetic clues that support a pathway in which one mesomeric form of a taxifolin radical is undergoing an oxidative coupling with a coniferyl alcohol radical. The flavonolignan content
A new natural product has been isolated from silymarin, the hepatoprotective extract of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) fruits. This was shown by NMR spectroscopy to be silychristin B (8), a diastereoisomer of the known silychristin (7). Levels of these and the other flavonolignans varied markedly
Silymarin, a mixture of flavonolignans exhibiting many pharmacological activities, is obtained from the fruits of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertner). Due to the high lipid content in thistle fruits, the European Pharmacopoeia recommends a two-step process of its extraction. First, the
The presentstudydescribes the biochemical evaluation of Silybum marianum seed. The analysis of essential oil composition of Silybum marianum seed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry GC-MS showed the presence of14 volatile components with the predominance of γ-cadinene (49.8%) and α-pinene
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) interfaced with the electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometer (MS(n)) was developed for the simultaneous determination of silychristins A (1) and B (2), silydianin (3), silybins A (4) and B (5), and isosilybins A (6) and B (7), major
Silychristins A (1) and B (2), silydianin (3), silybins A (4) and B (5), and isosilybins A (6) and B (7) are major bioactive flavonolignans in silymarin, a herbal remedy derived from the milk thistle Silybum marianum. In this study, the seven major active flavonolignans including the diastereomers
This study aimed to investigate the liver microsomal inhibitory effects of silybin, silychristin, andrographolide, and curcumin by using morphine as an in vitro UGT2B7 probe substrate, and predict the magnitude of the herb-drug interaction arising from these herbal constituents' inhibition in vivo.
Milk thistle is a widely-consumed botanical used for an array of purported health benefits. The primary extract of milk thistle is termed silymarin, a complex mixture that contains a number of structurally-related flavonolignans, the flavonoid, taxifolin, and a number of other constituents. The
BACKGROUND
Silybum marianum L. (Milk thistle) is native to the Mediterranean basin and is now widespread throughout the world. It's sprout is used as a herbal medicine for the treatment of liver disease for centuries. The seeds of milk thistle contain silymarin, an isomeric mixture of flavonolignans
Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) spectroscopy is known as an excellent alternative to chromatography-based mixture analysis. NMR spectroscopy is a non-destructive method, needs only limited sample preparation, and can be readily automated. A head-to-head comparison of qNMR to an
In this paper, a new ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method using a core-shell column with a pentafluorophenyl stationary phase for separation of seven active compounds of a Silybum marianum extract was developed and validated. Silymarin, an extract of Silybum marianum, is known
Substituted pyrazinecarboxamides markedly influenced production of flavonolignans in Silybum marianum callus and suspension cultures. In this study the effect of two compounds, N-(3-iodo-4-methylphenyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (1) and N-(3-iodo-4-methylphenyl)-5-tert-butyl-pyrazine-2-carboxamide (2),
Flavonolignans constitute an important class of plant secondary metabolites formed by oxidative coupling of one flavonoid and one phenylpropanoid moiety. The standardized flavonolignan-rich extract prepared from the fruits of Silybum marianum is known as silymarin and has long been used medicinally,
The effect of new synthetic pyrazinecarboxamide derivatives as potential elicitors of flavonolignan and flavonoid production in Silybum marianum and Ononis arvensis cultures in vitro was investigated. Both tested elicitors increased the production of flavonolignans in S. marianum callus and
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytoprotective effects upon primary human hepatocytes of silymarin extract and its main flavonolignans following exposure to the cytotoxic actions of model toxins. The conditions for the hepatocyte intoxication were optimised for allyl alcohol, carbon