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The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus epidemics presents a great health problem worldwide. Beside the changes in diet and decreased physical activity, there is growing interest in endocrine disrupting chemicals that may have effects on these conditions. Among them, the role of
BackgroundAlthough experiments in animals suggest that phthalates may have obesogenic effects, studies on prenatal exposure in children show inconsistent results.MethodsWe measured urinary concentrations of 11 phthalate metabolites collected twice during pregnancy from mothers participating in the
BACKGROUND
Phthalates are a group of chemicals with widespread use in the industrial production of numerous consumer products. They are suspected to be involved in male reproductive health problems and have also been associated with several other health problems in children including obesity and
Information on the relationships between phthalate exposure, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in younger adults is limited. It is still unclear whether changes in insulin resistance represent an intermediate biological mechanism linking phthalate exposure and Human exposure to phthalate chemicals, used in consumer product plastics, occurs throughout the day. Phthalate levels in pregnant women are associated with offspring health effects including obesity and neurodevelopmental problems. Knowledge of predictors of exposure is necessary in order to
BACKGROUND
Phthalates are hypothesized to cause obesity, but few studies have assessed whether prenatal phthalate exposures are related to childhood body mass index (BMI).
METHODS
We included 707 children from three prospective cohort studies enrolled in the US between 1998 and 2006 who had maternal
Phthalates (diesters of phthalic acid) are widely used as plasticizers and additives in many consumer products. Laboratory animal studies have reported the endocrine-disrupting and reproductive effects of phthalates, and human exposure to this class of chemicals is a concern. Several phthalates have
BACKGROUND
Phthalate exposures are hypothesized to increase obesity; however, prior research has been largely cross-sectional.
OBJECTIVE
We evaluated associations between prenatal phthalate exposures and body mass index (BMI) at child ages 5 and 7 years.
METHODS
Nine metabolites of six
We performed a systematic review of the epidemiology literature to identify the metabolic effects associated with phthalate exposure.Six phthalates were included in the review: di(2‑ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), dibutyl