[Severe acute diarrhea associated to classic enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC): clinical features and fecal losses in hospitalized infants].

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains are the most prevalent enteropathogenic agents isolated in the stools of hospitalized infants with severe acute diarrhea in São Paulo. These microorganisms induce a severe intestinal secretion of fluids and electrolytes that can cause dehydration leading to hospital admission in the majority of the cases.

OBJECTIVE

This investigation aims at the following objectives: 1) to study the clinical features of acute diarrhea in male infants who were hospitalized owing to EPEC infection; 2) to determine the fecal fluid losses, formula intake and variation of the body weight during the evolution of the disease.

METHODS

Thirty eight male infants with acute diarrhea due to EPEC strains were studied. The clinical and epidemiological features of the patients were recorded and the different EPEC serogroups were identified. The infants were kept in a metabolic bed in order to allow the collection of stools and urine separately during the whole period of the disease, and daily metabolic balances were also obtained. The mean duration of the metabolic study was 5.8 days, and during this period of time 220 daily metabolic balances were accumulated and analyzed.

RESULTS

The main clinical features of the studied group were as follows: age below 12 months; low birth weight; precocious weaning; severe protein-calorie malnutrition. EPEC 0111 was the most frequent serogroup identified, present in 68.4% of the infants. The average daily fecal fluid losses were 66 ml/kg and the mean daily formula intake was 85.2 ml/kg. Cow's milk was the most precocious food utilized and the infants who received cow's milk feeding presented the largest stool losses in comparison with lactose free formulas and total parenteral nutrition.

CONCLUSIONS

EPEC strains are able to induce moderate to severe fecal fluid losses in infants and the duration of diarrhea is usually below 15 days, although in several circumstances diarrhea can show a protracted evolution owing to food intolerance associated or not with intestinal secretion.