Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia with Gum Metastasis: A Case Study and Literature Review

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is an uncommon group of pregnancy-related malignancies. Delayed diagnosis is a prognostic factor for worse outcome. GTN is even harder to diagnose if the site of metastasis is uncommon. The reported case is a 27-year-old G₂P₁A₁ woman who presented to our center with acute transient generalized tonic-clonic seizure. She had developed hemoptysis for the 2 preceding weeks, which had been treated as pneumonia. She had then noticed multiple gum lesions and vaginal spotting 1 week before her presentation. Her serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin level was 77,474 IU/L without evidence of pregnancy. She was diagnosed with GTN with lung, brain, and gum metastases. The patient was staged as IV with a World Health Organization prognostic score of 14. Etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D alternating with cyclophosphamide, and vincristine weekly (EMACO) were given. The gum lesions disappeared after 2 cycles of the multiagent chemotherapy, and complete remission was achieved after 8 cycles. This case study will increase awareness of uncommon metastatic sites of GTN. Any associated vaginal bleeding should be considered a clue to metastatic GTN.

Keywords: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia; Gum metastasis; High risk.