[Clinical Observation of Ocular Injury Caused by Chestnut Burr]

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment of ocular injury caused by chestnut burr. Methods: Retrospective case series study. Data of 48 patients (48 eyes) with ocular injuries caused by chestnut burrs hospitalized in Qingdao Eye Hospital were collected from January 2013 to March 2019. All patients were followed up for at least 3 months. The time of seeking medical advice, lesion region, and characteristics and treatment methods were analyzed. Results: There were 48 patients, including 33 males and 15 females, aged 19 to 74 years [mean, (56±10) years]. The time of injury was late September (25 cases) and early October (23 cases). The shortest time to visit our hospital was 3 hours after injury, and the longest was 8 months after injury. There were 13 cases (27.1%, 13/48) with corneal and/or scleral foreign bodies. All patients were treated with corneal or scleral foreign body extraction. Twenty-four patients (50.0%, 24/48) developed fungal keratitis. Among them, 18 patients had a corneal ulcer, and the infection involved the superficial or full-thickness corneal layer. Six patients had no corneal ulcer, and the infection involved the deep stroma and corneal endothelial surface. The positive rate of fungal examination by confocal microscopy was 87.5% (21/24). Antifungal drugs (2 cases), corneal debridement (5 cases), conjunctival flap covering (2 cases), corneal stroma injection (1 case), and penetrating keratoplasty(14 cases) were given according to the depth of fungal infection. Most of the pathogens were Alternaria spp. Eleven patients (22.9%, 11/48) with necrotizing scleritis were treated with exploration of the sclera. Three patients had scleral foreign body residues on ultrasound biomicroscopy examination, which were removed by operation. Four patients were found to have fungi at the necrotic site of the sclera. Conclusions: The main types of ocular injuries caused by chestnut burrs are corneal and/or scleral foreign bodies, fungal keratitis, and necrotizing scleritis. Chestnut burr foreign bodies should be removed as soon as possible. In the case of fungal keratitis, a drug or surgical intervention should be carried out as early as possible. Necrotizing scleritis is often induced by long-term foreign body retention. Scleral incision and exploration is an effective form of treatment. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56: 370-375).

目的： 分析板栗刺所致眼部损伤的临床特征和治疗方法。 方法： 回顾性系列病例研究。选取2013年1月至2019年3月于青岛眼科医院住院治疗的因板栗刺造成眼部损伤的48例（48只眼）患者的病历资料。入选患者随访至少3个月，分析患者的一般资料、就诊时间、病变部位、病变特征和治疗方式。 结果： 48例（48只眼）患者中，男性33例，女性15例；年龄（56±10）岁（19~74岁）。受伤时间集中在9月下旬（25例）和10月中上旬（23例）。至青岛眼科医院就诊时间最短为伤后3 h，最长为伤后8个月。临床表现为角膜和（或）巩膜异物者共13例（27.1%），入院后均急症给予角膜和（或）巩膜异物取出术治疗。临床表现为真菌性角膜炎者共24例（50.0%），其中18例患者的患眼存在角膜溃疡，感染累及角膜浅层或全层；6例患者的患眼角膜表面无溃疡，为深基质及角膜内皮面的感染；共聚焦显微镜检查真菌阳性率为87.5%（21/24）；根据真菌感染的深度给予单纯药物（2例）、角膜清创术（5例）、结膜瓣遮盖术（2例）、角膜基质内注药（1例）或穿透角膜移植术（14例）治疗；链格孢霉菌为主要病原菌。临床表现为坏死性巩膜炎者共11例（22.9%），均给予巩膜切开探查术治疗，其中3例至青岛眼科医院后经超声生物显微镜检查仍发现有巩膜异物残留，给予手术取出；4例在巩膜坏死部位涂片查到真菌。 结论： 板栗刺造成的眼部损伤主要为角膜和（或）巩膜异物、真菌性角膜炎、坏死性巩膜炎3大类。板栗刺异物应尽早取出，一旦发生真菌性角膜炎应尽早药物或手术干预。坏死性巩膜炎常由长期异物存留诱发，巩膜切开探查术是治疗的有效方法。（中华眼科杂志，2020，56：370-375）.

Keywords: Castanea mollissima; Eye foreign bodies; Eye infections, fungal; Eye injuries; Keratitis; Scleritis.