amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/seizures

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Attempts to reproduce amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in laboratory animals by inoculation of Schu virus isolated from a patient with apparent amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

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A virus isolated from the CSF of a patient who had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis for 7 years, and prolonged pleocytosis in the CSF, was adapted to suckling mouse brain by subsequent serial blind passages. This Schu virus belongs to the tick-borne encephalitis complex of the genus Flavivirus

Short-term outcome of olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation for treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

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OBJECTIVE To determine whether transplanting olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) is effective in controlling or reversing the deterioration caused by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHODS Between February 2003 and April 2006, 327 patients (241 males and 86 females) with probable or definite

Creatine Revealed Anticonvulsant Properties on Chemically and Electrically Induced Seizures in Mice.

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Creatine exerts beneficial effects on a variety of pathologies in which energy metabolism and oxidative stress play an etiological role. Creatine supplements have shown beneficial effects on neurological disorders including Parkinson׳s disease, Huntington›s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as

Seizures and neurodegeneration induced by 4-aminopyridine in rat hippocampus in vivo: role of glutamate- and GABA-mediated neurotransmission and of ion channels.

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Infusion of the K(+) channel blocker 4-aminopyridine in the hippocampus induces the release of glutamate, as well as seizures and neurodegeneration. Since an imbalance between excitation and inhibition, as well as alterations of ion channels, may be involved in these effects of 4-aminopyridine, we

A new mouse line with reduced GluA2 Q/R site RNA editing exhibits loss of dendritic spines, hippocampal CA1-neuron loss, learning and memory impairments and NMDA receptor-independent seizure vulnerability.

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Calcium (Ca²⁺)-permeable AMPA receptors may, in certain circumstances, contribute to normal synaptic plasticity or to neurodegeneration. AMPA receptors are Ca²⁺-permeable if they lack the GluA2 subunit or if GluA2 is unedited at a single nucleic acid, known as the Q/R site. In

Spontaneous degenerative polioencephalomyelopathy in feeder pigs--a new motor neuron disease?

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A central nervous disorder occurred spontaneously in a herd of feeder pigs characterized by muscle fasciculations, convulsions, squealing, and acute death in numerous animals. Histopathology revealed a degenerative poliomyeloencephalopathy of brain stem and spinal cord consisting of neuronal

Anti-glutamatergic effect of riluzole: comparison with valproic acid.

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Riluzole, an anti-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis drug, known to decrease presynaptic glutamate release, is viewed as a candidate supplementary medication for epilepsy. In the present study, we compared the effects of riluzole and valproate (VPA) in the pilocarpine-induced limbic seizure model and in

Role of superoxide dismutases in oxidative damage and neurodegenerative disorders.

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In recent years, oxidative stress has been implicated in a variety of degenerative processes, diseases, and syndromes. Some of these include atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, and ischemia/reperfusion injury; chronic and acute inflammatory conditions such as wound healing; central

Modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in motor neurons and its electrophysiological effects.

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Previous studies have shown that VEGF expression in forebrain increases after experimental manipulations that increase neuronal activity. One question is whether this also occurs in motor neurons. If so, it could be potentially advantageous from a therapeutic perspective, because VEGF prevents motor

Zinc metabolism in the brain: relevance to human neurodegenerative disorders.

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Zinc is an important trace element in biology. An important pool of zinc in the brain is the one present in synaptic vesicles in a subgroup of glutamatergic neurons. In this form it can be released by electrical stimulation and may serve to modulate responses at receptors for a number of different

A summary of mechanistic hypotheses of gabapentin pharmacology.

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Although the cellular mechanisms of pharmacological actions of gabapentin (Neurontin) remain incompletely described, several hypotheses have been proposed. It is possible that different mechanisms account for anticonvulsant, antinociceptive, anxiolytic and neuroprotective activity in animal models.

Epidemic heat stroke in a midwest community: risk factors, neurological complications and sequelae.

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We studied the admission rate, risk factors, neurological complications and sequelae of heat stroke (HS) during the 1995 heat wave in Madison, Wisconsin. HS was epidemic in 1995 (2.3 cases/1000 admissions), compared to the ten-fold lower endemic rate in 1994 (0.2/ 1000). There were 11 cases of HS, 9

CNS recruitment of CD8+ T lymphocytes specific for a peripheral virus infection triggers neuropathogenesis during polymicrobial challenge.

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Although viruses have been implicated in central nervous system (CNS) diseases of unknown etiology, including multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the reproducible identification of viral triggers in such diseases has been largely unsuccessful. Here, we explore the hypothesis that

Future trends in the development of local drug delivery systems: intraspinal, intracerebral, and intraparenchymal therapies.

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Due to successful use of intrathecal drug delivery in the management of refractory pain and spasticity, new agents and indications are now being investigated. Preclinical studies of neurotrophic factors, molecules necessary for neuroneal survival and development, suggest that these agents may be

Edaravone acts as a potential therapeutic drug against pentylenetetrazole-induced epilepsy in male albino rats by downregulating cyclooxygenase-II.

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The effects of edaravone against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epilepsy in male albino rats were investigated. Edaravone is a well-known commercial drug used in the treatment of strokes and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of

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