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Aerobic exercise and thermal stress instigate robust challenges to the immune system. Various attempts to modify or supplement the diet have been proposed to bolster the immune system responses. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of yeast beta-glucan (Saccharomyces
Background: Non-digestible carbohydrates are added to infant formula to mimic the effects of human milk oligosaccharide by acting as prebiotics and stimulating the immune system. Although not yet used in infant formulas, β-glucans are known to have beneficial health effects, and are therefore
The objective of this article is to evaluate the potential effects of beta-glucan and vitamin D supplementation in patients with diabetic retinopathy. We evaluated the levels of several parameters of inflammatory reactions (C-reactive protein [CRP], serum amyloid A [SAA], and interleukin- [IL-] 6),
The chemical composition and structural characterization of exopolysaccharides from the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ are described, and the immunomodulatory activity of a purified β-glucan was evaluated. L. theobromae MMBJ produced three different β-glucans. One, fraction PEPS, was a
Obesity is characterized by insulin resistance and low-grade systemic and adipose tissue (AT) inflammation. It remains unclear whether beneficial effects of weight loss are related to AT inflammation. We aimed to assess the effect of weight loss during low-calorie diet on insulin sensitivity, AT
Respiratory failure during Pneumocystis pneumonia is mainly a consequence of exaggerated inflammatory responses to the organism. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent APCs in the lung and are key to the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. However, their participation in the
With the rapid development of industry and farm, fungi contamination widely exists in occupational environment. Inhalation of fungi-contaminated organic dust results in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. 1,3-β-Glucan is a major cell wall component of fungus and is considered as a biomarker of fungi
Infiltration of the lungs with neutrophils promotes respiratory failure during severe Pneumocystis carinii (PC) pneumonia. Recent studies have shown that alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), in addition to promoting PC attachment, also participate in lung inflammation by the release of cytokines and
Eurotium amstelodami, a mold frequently identified in housing and farm air samples, is a suspected cause of respiratory diseases such as allergic alveolitis, atopic asthma, and organic dust toxic syndrome. This fungus is present in the air in three different states (ascospores, conidia, and hyphae).
The Kururu no β-glu® (KBG) is a commercial hydrothermal-treated Aureobasidium pullulans β-glucan produced by a unique hydrothermal process that results in high solubility of the β-glucan. In this study, we examined the biological activities of this reagent. RAW264.7 cells do not express
β-glucans, which can activate innate immune responses, are a major component in the cell wall of the cyst form of Pneumocystis In the current study, we examined whether β-1,3-glucans are masked by surface proteins in Pneumocystis and what role β-glucans play in Pneumocystis-associated inflammation.
beta-Glucans are major structural components of fungi. We have recently reported that the pathogenic fungus Pneumocystis carinii assembles a beta-glucan-rich cell wall that potently activates alveolar macrophages to release pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Purified P. carinii beta-glucans
Pneumocystis Major Surface Glycoprotein (Msg) is a 120-kD surface protein complex on the organism with importance in adhesion and immune recognition. Herein, we show that Msg significantly impairs Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion by macrophages induced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae
The effects of beta-glucan isolated from Aureobasidium pullulans were observed on acute xylene-induced inflammation. beta-glucan at a dose of 62.5, 125 or 250 mg/kg were administered once orally to xylene-treated mice (0.03 mL of xylene was applied on the anterior surface of the right ear to induce
Echinocandins target fungal beta-1,3 glucan synthesis and are used clinically to treat invasive aspergillosis. Although echinocandins do not completely inhibit in vitro growth of Aspergillus fumigatus, they do induce morphological changes in fungal hyphae. Because beta-1,3 glucans activate host