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The assessment of activity of promoters has been greatly facilitated by the use of reporter genes. However, the activity as assessed by reporter gene is a reflection of not only promoter strength, but also that of the stability of the mRNA and the protein encoded by the reporter gene. While a stable
Successful transient expression of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves and roots and Brassica napus stems was obtained after gene delivery with a pneumatic particle gun driven by compressed air. Effects of the pneumatic pressure used to accelerate the particles (accelerating
A β-glucuronidase variant, GUS-TR3337, that was obtained by directed evolution exhibited higher thermostability than the wild-type enzyme, GUS-WT. In this study, the utility of GUS-TR337 as an improved reporter was evaluated. The corresponding gus-tr3337 and gus-wt genes were independently cloned in
Synthesis of five different Sudan-β-D-glucuronides (I, II, III, IV, and RedB) was performed by condensation of a set of red Sudan diazo dyes with methyl (1-deoxy-2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-1-trichloroacetimidoyl-α-D-glucopyran)uronate. After the acid and alcohol groups had been deprotected, the resulting
By fusing the genes encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) and beta-glucuronidase (GUS) we have created a set of bifunctional reporter constructs which are optimized for use in transient and stable expression studies in plants. This approach makes it possible to combine the advantage of GUS, its
By fusing the genes encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) and beta-glucuronidase (GUS) we have created a set of bifunctional reporter constructs which are optimized for use in transient and stable expression studies in plants. This approach makes it possible to combine the advantage of GUS, its
Some conditions related to the transient expression of β-glucuronidase in biolistically-treated Coffea spp. tissues were investigated, and subsequently used in a promoter study. Bombardments were performed on different types of tissue (leaves, somatic embryos and suspension cultures) of genotypes of
Three random translational beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene fusions were previously obtained in Arabidopsis thaliana, using Agrobacterium-mediated transfer of a gus coding sequence without promoter and ATG initiation site. These were analysed by IPCR amplification of the sequence upstream of gus and
The ability of most higher plants to withstand freezing can be enhanced by cold acclimation, although the freezing tolerance of plant tissues is also affected by their developmental stage. In addition, low temperature has pleiotropic effects on many plant developmental processes such as
We have characterized the promoter specificity of the Arabidopsis thaliana alpha 1-tubulin (alpha 1-tub) gene by studying expression patterns of gene fusions between the 2.2 kbp 5' upstream region of the alpha 1-tub gene and each of three different reporters: chloramphenical acetyltransferase,
Vectors were constructed for the isolation of random transcriptional and translational beta-glucuronidase gene fusions in plants. This system is based on the random integration of the transferred DNA (T-DNA) into the plant nuclear genome. The Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase coding sequence
Particle bombardment has proved to be useful for the transformation of plants. We have previously reported successful transient expression of the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene in cultured plant cells and tissues and the stable transformation of various plants using a pneumatic particle gun. In this
The ability to introduce foreign genes into an organism is the foundation for modern biology and biotechnology. In the model flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the floral-dip transformation method has replaced all previous methods because of its simplicity, efficiency, and low cost. Specifically,
The Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. SUC2 gene encodes a plasma-membrane sucrose-H+ symporter. The DNA sequence of the SUC2 promoter has been determined. Using a translational fusion of this promoter to the N-terminus of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and the GUS histochemical assay, the tissue
TmGUSI, a gene identical to that encoding a thermostable β-glucuronidase in the hyperthermophilic anaerobe Thermotoga maritima, has been synthesized using a PCR-based two-step DNA synthesis and codon optimization for plants, and expressed in both Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis thaliana. TmGUSI