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Characterization of Female Reproductive Proteases in a Butterfly from Functional and Evolutionary Perspectives.
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Molecules that mediate reproductive interactions are some of the most rapidly evolving traits. Researchers have often suggested that this is due to coevolution at key physiological interfaces. However, very few of these interfaces are well understood at the functional level. One such interface is
Midgut protease activities in monophagous larvae of Apollo butterfly, Parnassius apollo ssp. frankenbergeri.
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We assayed the relative activities of midgut proteolytic enzymes in individuals of the fourth (L(4)) and fifth (L(5)) instar of Apollo larvae, inhabiting Pieniny Mts (southern Poland). The comparisons between midgut tissue with glicocalyx (MT) and liquid midgut contents with peritrophic membrane
Evidence of protease in the saliva of the butterfly Heliconius melpomene (L.) (Nymphalidae, Lepidoptera).
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Butterflies of the genus Heliconius are well known for their peculiar habits of utilizing pollen as a source of amino acids. Saliva plays a major role in the process of extracting amino acids and proteins from the pollen grains. In this investigation, we obtained samples of saliva from adult
Dynamic digestive physiology of a female reproductive organ in a polyandrous butterfly.
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Reproductive traits experience high levels of selection because of their direct ties to fitness, often resulting in rapid adaptive evolution. Much of the work in this area has focused on male reproductive traits. However, a more comprehensive understanding of female reproductive adaptations and
Pollen feeding proteomics: Salivary proteins of the passion flower butterfly, Heliconius melpomene.
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While most adult Lepidoptera use flower nectar as their primary food source, butterflies in the genus Heliconius have evolved the novel ability to acquire amino acids from consuming pollen. Heliconius butterflies collect pollen on their proboscis, moisten the pollen with saliva, and use a
Temperature- and sex-related effects of serine protease alleles on larval development in the Glanville fritillary butterfly.
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The body reserves of adult Lepidoptera are accumulated during larval development. In the Glanville fritillary butterfly, larger body size increases female fecundity, but in males fast larval development and early eclosion, rather than large body size, increase mating success and hence fitness.
Structural complexity and molecular heterogeneity of a butterfly ejaculate reflect a complex history of selection.
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Male ejaculates are often structurally complex, and this complexity is likely to influence key reproductive interactions between males and females. However, despite its potential evolutionary significance, the molecular underpinnings of ejaculate structural complexity have received little empirical
Plastic larval development in a butterfly has complex environmental and genetic causes and consequences for population dynamics.
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1. In insects, the length of larval development time typically influences adult body size and individual fitness, and hence development time can be expected to respond in an adaptive manner to variation in environmental conditions. In the wild, larval growth may be influenced by individual
Binding of the delta endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis to brush-border membrane vesicles of the cabbage butterfly (Pieris brassicae).
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The insecticidal delta endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis was labeled with iodine-125. Brush-border membrane vesicles, prepared from the midgut epithelium of Pieris brassicae larvae, known to be highly susceptible to the toxin, and from a non-target tissue: the small intestine of rat, were examined
Distinct roles for the N- and C-terminal regions in the cytotoxicity of pierisin-1, a putative ADP-ribosylating toxin from cabbage butterfly, against mammalian cells.
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Pierisin-1 is an 850-aa cytotoxic protein found in the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae, and has been suggested to consist of an N-terminal region with ADP-ribosyltransferase domain and of a C-terminal region that might have a receptor-binding domain. To elucidate the role of each region, we
Application of response surface methodology in medium optimization for protease production by the new strain of Serratia marcescens SB08.
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For production of protease by a new strain, Serratia marcescens SB08, optimization of the fermentation medium and environmental conditions, were carried out by applying factorial design and response surface methodology. The results of factorial design showed that pH, agitation, incubation time and
Use of buckwheat seed protease inhibitor gene for improvement of tobacco and potato plant resistance to biotic stress.
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The possibility to use agrobacterial transformation of leaf discs to produce resistance to bacterial infections in tobacco and potato plants by introduction of a single gene encoding the serine proteinase inhibitor BWI-1a (ISP) from buckwheat seeds is shown. All studied PCR-positive transgenic
Serine proteases and metalloproteases associated with pathogenesis but not host specificity in the Entomophthoralean fungus Zoophthora radicans.
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The protease activity of a Zoophthora radicans strain that was highly infective toward Pieris brassicae (cabbage butterfly) larvae was compared with that of isogenic strains that were adapted to Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) larvae through serial passage. All strains produced three distinct
Inhibitory effects of an extract from non-host plants on physiological characteristics of two major cabbage pests.
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The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and small white cabbage butterfly (Pieris rapae) are the two main serious pests of cruciferous crops (Brassicaceae) that have developed resistance to chemical control methods. In order to avoid such resistance and also the adverse effects of chemical
Presence in Pieris rapae of cytotoxic activity against human carcinoma cells.
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Cytotoxic activity in extracts of pupae and adults of various kinds of butterflies and moths was tested in vitro against the human gastric carcinoma cell line, TMK-1, which was chosen as an example of human carcinoma cells. Among the species examined, cytotoxicity was limited to Pieris rapae, Pieris
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