Various examples are provided for carbazole-based GUMBOS (group of uniform materials based on organic salts), and its application in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). In one example, a composition includes a solid phase carbazole-based GUMBOS (group of uniform materials based on organic salts) comprising a counterion such as, e.g., trifluoromethanesulfonate ([Otf]), bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([NTf.sub.2]), bis-(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide ([BETI]), tetrafluoroborate (BF4), hexafluorophosphate (PF6), and/or thiocyanate (SCN). The carbazole-based GUMBOS can include carbazoleimidazole-based GUMBOS or 3,6-diBDC carbazolium-based GUMBOS. In another example, a method includes preparing a biphasic solution; separating a layer of DCM from the biphasic solution after stirring; washing the DCM with water to remove byproducts; and evaporating the DCM to form a solid phase carbazoleimidazole-based GUMBOS. Preparing the biphasic solution can include carbazoleimidazolium iodide (CM) dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM) and a dissolved salt including a sodium salt or a lithium salt.

carbazole/dichloromethane

Carbazole-based gumbos for highly efficient blue OLEDs

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