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Microbial attachment to drinking water pipe surfaces facilitates pathogen survival and deteriorates disinfection performance, directly threatening the safety of drinking water. Notwithstanding that the formation of biofilm has been studied for decades, the underlying mechanisms for the origins of
In this study, the in vitro effects of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in growth reduction against Candia glaebosa, Zygosaccharomyces bisporus, Saccharomycopsis capsularis and Pichia pastoris involving in deterioration of fermented hot pepper paste were studied to
Male Swiss-Webster mice and Fischer-344 rats were exposed to chlorine gas at their respective RD50 concentrations (ca. 9 to 11 ppm). The RD50 concentration is that concentration which reduces respiratory rate by 50%. The exposures were carried out for 6 hr per day for 1, 3, or 5 days, and the
Biochar is widely and increasingly applied to farmlands. However, it remains unclear how long-term biochar addition alters the characteristics and chlorine reactivity of soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM), an important terrestrial disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursor in watersheds. Here,
Tiger frog (Rana tigrina) meat is extremely perishable. This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorine dioxide (ClO2 ) on frog meat, optimized the formulation of a phosphate-based enhancement solution by response surface methodology (RSM), and determined the quality
The explosion characteristics of chlorine dioxide gas have been studied for the first time in a cylindrical exploder with a shell capacity of 20 L. The experimental results have indicated that the lower concentration limit for the explosive decomposition of chlorine dioxide gas is 9.5%
Water quality can deteriorate in the transmission and distribution system beyond the treatment plant. Minimizing the potential for biological regrowth can be attained by chlorinating the finished water. While flowing through pipes, the chlorine concentration decreases for different reasons. Reaction
BACKGROUND
Chlorine gas may induce severe acute lung injury. Improvement of pulmonary gas exchange in patients and animals with acute lung injury nursed in the prone position was observed in recent years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of prone and supine positions on
This study attempts to clarify the effects of chlorine content in waste on the formation mechanisms of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in full scale incinerators by proposing and using the principal component analysis (PCA) to compare the congener profiles of PCDD/Fs in
Chlorine gas is a respiratory irritant in both animals and humans that produces concentration-dependent responses ranging from minor irritation to death. Female and male B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats were exposed to chlorine gas for up to 2 years to determine chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity. Groups
A tertiary polyamide membrane was synthesized using N,N'-dimethyl-m-phenylenediamine. The durability of this membrane to chlorination by hypochlorite treatment followed by sodium hydroxide treatment was examined, and then deterioration mechanisms were proposed. The tertiary
Recent studies showed that sodium acid sulfate (SAS) and levulinic acid (LA) in combination with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was effective in inactivating human pathogens on Romaine lettuce. The present study investigated the effects of LA and SAS in combination with SDS (as compared with citric
BACKGROUND
Workers exposed to chlorine may be at risk of deterioration in FEV1.
METHODS
A prospective study of 72 workers examined over a 5.8 +/- 1.9 year period. A sample of induced sputum for cells and mediators was obtained in 69 subjects at baseline (Vb) and in 36 both at Vb and at follow-up