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A pathogenic fungi diphenyl ether phytotoxin targets plant enoyl (acyl carrier protein) reductase.

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Cyperin is a natural diphenyl ether phytotoxin produced by several fungal plant pathogens. At high concentrations, this metabolite inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase, a key enzyme in porphyrin synthesis. However, unlike its herbicide structural analogs, the mode of action of cyperin is not light

The natural compound trans-chalcone induces programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana roots.

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Chalcone (1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one) is an aromatic ketone precursor of important molecules in plants such as flavonoids or anthocyanins. Its phytotoxicity has been demonstrated on different plant species, but to date little is known about the mechanisms of action of this secondary metabolite at

Tissue-specific transcriptome analysis reveals cell wall metabolism, flavonol biosynthesis and defense responses are activated in the endosperm of germinating Arabidopsis thaliana seeds.

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Seed germination is a result of the competition of embryonic growth potential and mechanical constraint by surrounding tissues such as the endosperm. To understand the processes occurring in the endosperm during germination, we analyzed tiling array expression data on dissected endosperm and embryo

An inhibitor of oil body mobilization in Arabidopsis.

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Fatty acid β-oxidation is an essential process in many aspects of plant development, and storage oil in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) is an important food source for humans and animals, for biofuel and for industrial feedstocks. In this study we characterize the effects of a small molecule,

Effects of Boron on Proton Transport and Membrane Properties of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Cell Microsomes.

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Boron deficiency and toxicity inhibit ATP-dependent H+ pumping and vanadate-sensitive ATPase activity in sunflower roots and cell suspensions. The effects of boron on H+ pumping and on passive H+ conductance, as well as on fluorescence anisotropy in KI-washed microsomes isolated from sunflower

Physiological and biochemical responses and microscopic structure changes of Populus tomentosa Carr seedlings to 4-BDE exposure.

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Populus species are very effective in remediation of contaminants. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are commonly used as flame retardants and are known to be persistent environmental pollutants. Numerous studies have shown that PBDEs are rising in human tissues and biota. 4-Monobrominated

Aclonifen targets the solanesyl diphosphate synthase, representing a novel mode of action for herbicides.

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Aclonifen is a unique diphenyl ether herbicide. Despite its structural similarities to known inhibitors of the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (e.g., acifluorfen, bifenox or oxadiazon), which result in leaf necrosis, aclonifen causes a different phenotype that is described as bleaching.

Biochemical and physiological mode of action of tiafenacil, a new protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase-inhibiting herbicide.

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We conducted biochemical and physiological experiments to investigate the mode of action of tiafenacil (Terrad'or™), a new protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting pyrimidinedione herbicide. Analysis of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) against recombinant PPO enzymes

Protective effect of supplemental anthocyanins on Arabidopsis leaves under high light.

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Ten anthocyanin components have been detected in roots of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. All the anthocyanins were exclusively cyanidins or peonidin

Enhancement of oxidative and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis by overaccumulation of antioxidant flavonoids.

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The notion that plants use specialized metabolism to protect against environmental stresses needs to be experimentally proven by addressing the question of whether stress tolerance by specialized metabolism is directly due to metabolites such as flavonoids. We report that flavonoids with radical

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