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Page 1 od 67 rezultati
Patterns of seizures, hippocampal injury and neurogenesis in three models of status epilepticus in galanin receptor type 1 (GalR1) knockout mice.
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The neuropeptide galanin exhibits anticonvulsant effects in experimental epilepsy. Two galanin receptor subtypes, GalR1 and GalR2, are present in the brain. We examined the role of GalR1 in seizures by studying the susceptibility of GalR1 knockout (KO) mice to status epilepticus (SE) and
Galanin antagonizes acetylcholine on a memory task in basal forebrain-lesioned rats.
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Galanin coexists with acetylcholine in medial septal neurons projecting to the ventral hippocampus, a projection thought to modulate memory functions. Neurochemical lesions of the nucleus basalis-medial septal area in rats impaired choice accuracy on a delayed alternation t-maze task. Acetylcholine
Colorectal cancer patients exhibit increased levels of galanin in serum and colon tissues.
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Galanin (GAL) is a 30-amino acid neuropeptide that is expressed in both the central and peripheral nervous system, including the enteric nervous system (ENS). Increased GAL concentrations have been identified in the blood of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The aim of the present study was to
Nerve growth factor induces galanin gene expression in the rat basal forebrain: implications for the treatment of cholinergic dysfunction.
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Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a potential treatment for cholinergic dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In rats, NGF activates gene expression of the acetylcholine synthetic enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and prevents age- and lesion-induced degeneration of basal forebrain
The galanin receptor 2/3 agonist Gal2-11 protects the SN56 cells against beta-amyloid 25-35 toxicity.
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The neuropeptide galanin is a modulator of cholinergic function and may play a role in A beta peptide-induced degeneration of cholinergic forebrain neurons. We have studied the effect of galanin and its galanin receptor subtype 2/3 agonist Gal2-11on toxicity induced by freshly-prepared
The role of galanin in cholinergically-mediated memory processes.
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1. Galanin, a 29 amino-acid neuroactive peptide, has been shown to affect diverse processes throughout the nervous system and to coexist with several "classical" neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine, serotonin, and acetylcholine. 2. Galanin coexists with acetylcholine in neurons of the medial
Exogenous galanin attenuates spatial memory impairment and decreases hippocampal β-amyloid levels in rat model of Alzheimer's disease.
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One of the major pathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the presence of enhanced deposits of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ). The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) and its receptors are overexpressed in degenerating brain regions in AD. The functional consequences of galaninergic systems
Galanin plasticity in the cholinergic basal forebrain in Alzheimer's disease and transgenic mice.
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Galanin (GAL) is a biologically active 29 amino acid (30 in humans) which participates in the modulation of several ascending neurotransmitter systems including cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) neurons, which undergo extensive degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). GAL immunoreactive fibers
Developmental profile of galanin binding sites in the Mammalian brain.
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Galanin (GAL) is a 29-amino acid peptide widely distributed in the mammalian nervous system. Recently, GAL expression has been shown to increase during periods of neuronal degeneration (e.g., Alzheimer's disease) and neuronal injury. Our laboratory has previously reported that GAL immunoreactivity
Ultrastructural studies on peptides in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord--III. Effects of peripheral axotomy with special reference to galanin.
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In this study co-localization of galanin- with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity was examined in dorsal root ganglion neurons 14 days after sciatic nerve cut using a laser scanning confocal microscope. CGRP- and galanin-like immunoreactivities were also analysed in the
New galanin(1-15) analogues modified in positions 9, 10 and 11 act as galanin antagonists on glucose-induced insulin secretion.
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Galanin (GAL) is a 29-amino-acid residue peptide originally isolated from porcine upper small intestine. GAL exhibits various physiological activities, such as effects on hormones release, smooth muscles contractions, gastric acid secretion, neurons degeneration and feeding. One of the biological
Motor innervation by enteric nerve fibers containing both nitric oxide synthase and galanin immunoreactivities in the striated muscle of the rat esophagus.
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The relationship between nitric oxide synthase (NOS)- and galanin-immunoreactive nerve terminals and the origin of NOS-immunoreactive nerve terminals on the motor endplates in the striated muscles of the rat esophagus was investigated. Double immunohistochemical staining revealed a dual innervation
Galanin in Alzheimer's disease: neuroinhibitory or neuroprotective?
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Galanin (GAL) and GAL receptors (GALRs) are overexpressed in degenerating brain regions associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The functional consequences of GAL plasticity in AD are unclear. GAL inhibits cholinergic transmission in the hippocampus and impairs spatial memory
Characterization and localization of galanin receptors in human entorhinal cortex.
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The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) has a widespread distribution throughout the human cortex. The entorhinal cortex (ENT) plays a crucial role in the transfer of cortico-cortical information related to memory and displays severe degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, very little is known
Galanin-like immunoreactivity within the primate basal forebrain: differential staining patterns between humans and monkeys.
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Galanin-like immunoreactivity (GAL-ir) was examined within the basal forebrain and adjacent regions of eight young adult New World monkeys (Cebus apella), one aged Old World monkey (Macaca mulatta), and eight humans without clinical or pathological evidence of neurological disease. All monkeys
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