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Retinal response to the acute hypoxia and reoxygenation were shown to be independent of melanin presence in the eye pigmental epithelium (PE), i.e. in the retinas of both pigmented animals and albinos hypoxia survived an increase in the content of hydroperoxidases and malonyl dialdehyde; subsequent
Melanin synthetized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been found to protect these bacteria from hyper- and hypoxia, as well as from the lethal action of ultraviolet radiation. The author believes that melanin-synthetizing P. aeruginosa strains are more dangerous in hospitals than P. aeruginosa strains
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a neuropeptide that acts to increase feeding behavior and decrease energy expenditure. The role of MCH in central cardiorespiratory regulation is still poorly understood. Experiments were conducted on urethane-anesthetized, vagotomized, and artificially
Pigments serve many visually obvious animal functions (e.g. hair, skin, eyes, feathers, scales). One is 'melanin', unusual in an absorption across the UV-visual spectrum which is controversial. Any polymer or macro-structure of melanin monomers is 'melanin'. Its roles derive from complex structural
When proliferating tumor cells expand to areas distant from vascular sites, poor diffusion of oxygen and nutrients occur, generating a restrictive hypoxic gradient in which susceptible tumor cells die. The heterogeneous population surviving hypoxia and metabolic starvation include The adaptive function of melanin located in the integument is well known. Although pigments are also deposited in various internal organs, their function is unclear. A review of the literature revealed that 'internal melanin' protects against parasites, pollutants, low temperature, oxidative stress,
Despite existing vaccination strategies targeting TRP-2, its function is not yet fully understood. TRP-2 is an enzyme involved in melanin biosynthesis and therefore discussed as a differentiation antigen. However, in mice Trp-2 was shown to be expressed in melanocyte stem cells of the hair follicle
Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental pathogen requiring atmospheric levels of oxygen for optimal growth. Upon inhalation, C. neoformans disseminates to the brain and causes meningoencephalitis. However, the mechanisms by which the pathogen adapts to the low-oxygen environment in the brain
In response to infection, macrophages adapt their metabolism rapidly to enhance glycolysis and fuel specialized antimicrobial effector functions. Here we show that fungal melanin is an essential molecule required for the metabolic rewiring of macrophages during infection with the fungal pathogen
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of melanin content on the visible wavelength range spectrophotometric measurement of SO(2) in the skin of normal healthy black and white volunteers. The reactive hyperaemia induced by a 5-minute period of tourniquet occlusion of the brachial
(18)F FDG-PET has proven its use as a technique in the field of melanoma, but there are valid concerns related to the specificity of (18)F FDG-PET findings and the degree of accuracy we can expect in the assessment of response to new treatment protocols. The main avenues currently being explored for
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to provide new data that add to the understanding of diabetic retinopathy and its treatment by photocoagulation.
METHODS
Using a spectrometric method, the reflection spectra of the macula in six type II diabetics with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were
Biologically active peptides are widely expressed throughout in human bodies. For example, endothelin-1 and adrenomedullin are expressed in almost all types of cells, including neurons, glial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells, epithelial cells and cancer
Groups of 6 specimens each of the newt Triturus carnifex were treated with melatonin to see if the hormone inhibited melanogenesis in the Kupffer cells of the liver (melanomacrophages), a process markedly stimulated by hypoxia. A dose of 500 microg/g in 27% ethanol, injected intraperitoneally,
The Kupffer cells (melanomacrophages) in the livers of lower vertebrates contain varying quantities of melanin according to the season. Specimens of Triturus carnifex raised for 2 months at 6 degrees C and then transferred to water at 22 degrees C show a rapid increase in the hepatic accumulation of