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The mechanisms of generation of self-sustained depolarizing plateau potentials (DPs) were studied in intracellular recordings in aminopyridine-induced ictal seizure foci in the motor cortex of the cat. In some experiments single-electrode voltage clamp techniques were used and intracellular pressure
The present study investigated the effect of single and repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on proteinkinase C in rat cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus and striatum using [3H]Phorbol-12,13-butyrate binding. In the postictal period and 24 hr after a single ECS there was no alteration in any
Administration of phorbol 12-myristate,13-acetate (PMA, 10 fmol-10 nmol) or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB, 0.2-495 nmol) (i.c.v.) to mice induced: hindlimb scratching, tremor, myoclonic jerks, hyperlocomotion, clonic seizure, followed by death or recovery. CD50 values for clonic seizures for PMA and
Reactive oxygen species and inflammatory signaling have been identified as pivotal pathophysiological factors contributing to epileptogenesis. Considering the development of combined anti-inflammatory and antioxidant treatment strategies with antiepileptogenic potential, a characterization of the
Nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are structurally related survival and differentiation factors for distinct sets of peripheral and central neurons. The regulation of NGF gene expression has been extensively studied in L929 mouse fibroblasts. L929 cells also
Leukocyte activation is known to involve cell membrane potential changes. Phenobarbital, an anesthetic and anticonvulsant that can inhibit neuronal membrane depolarization, may also affect leukocyte activation. Measuring membrane potential, actin polymerization, chemotaxis, superoxide production,
Subtractive library construction and differential screening were used to identify a cDNA for a cell type-specific immediate early gene induced in rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. Sequencing identified the protein product of this gene as rat synaptotagmin IV (SytIV). Synaptotagmins are synaptic
Neuronal excitability is inhibited by somatostatin, which might play important roles in seizure and neuroprotection. The possibility of whether the effect of somatostatin on neurotransmission is susceptible to desensitization was investigated. We tested the effects of prolonged exposure to
Fas, (APO-1/CD95), a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the tumor necrosis (TNF) receptor superfamily, transduces apoptotic death upon crosslinking by its cognate ligand (FasL). As upregulation of Fas/FasL expression occurs in neuropathological conditions (e.g., stroke, central nervous system
Clinical observations and experimental studies have shown that hyperthermia can provoke febrile seizures, which are the most common type of pathological brain activity in children. We previously demonstrated that hyperthermia produced a depression of GABAergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus of
Transsynaptic movement of endogenous zinc may play a key role in selective neuronal death after brain ischemia and prolonged seizures. As to the mechanism, we have reported recently that zinc-induced neuronal death occurs mainly by oxidative stress in cortical cultures. Here we present evidence
The mechanisms underlying the psychotropic actions of lithium are not established, but modulation of endogenous brain neurotransmitter systems is likely to be important. Several interactions of lithium with muscarinic responses have been reported, including a marked potentiation of seizures produced
Up to this day, the roles of PEA15 expression and its phosphorylation in seizure-related events have not been still unclear. In the present study, we found that PEA15 was distinctly phosphorylated in reactive astrocytes and apoptotic astrocytes in the rat hippocampus following
Phorbol esters activate protein kinase C and modulate a variety of downstream cell signaling pathways. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is a phorbol ester that induces differentiation or apoptosis in a variety of cell lines at low concentrations. A phase I dose escalation trial of TPA was
Caffeine has been known to trigger seizures, however, the precise mechanism about the proconvulsive effect of caffeine remains unclear. Glutamate transporters play an important role to maintain the homeostasis of glutamate concentration in the brain tissue. Especially, dysfunction of excitatory