Participants in this group will be individually counseled on a lower calorie diet, receive pistachios to be consumed daily for four months, and receive print materials on incorporating pistachios into their diet.

Participants in this group will receive general dietary guidance as part of a 4-month long group intervention.

Overweight and Obesity

Composition of prescribed diets will be based on individual preferences, with the goal of consuming 1.5 oz of pistachios per day and increased energy expenditure. During the 4-month intervention, study subjects will participate in individualized counseling and group sessions, with in-person, telephone, email and text message contacts to provide support and behavioral guidance and strategies. Pistachios will be provided to participants. The overall content of the intervention consists of key elements of cognitive-behavioral therapy for obesity. The physical activity component emphasizes planned aerobic exercise, increased physical activity in the lifestyle, and strength training.

Pistachio-enriched diet

During the 4-month group intervention, study subjects will participate group sessions, receive telephone, email and/or text message contacts to provide support and behavioral guidance and strategies. The overall content of the intervention consists of key elements of cognitive-behavioral therapy for obesity. The physical activity component emphasizes planned aerobic exercise, increased physical activity in the lifestyle, and strength training.

General dietary guidance diet

University of California, San Diego

UCSD Get Fit, Be Fit Study

Effects of Pistachio Consumption in a Weight Loss Intervention on Weight Change, Dietary Intake and Metabolic Factors

Weight loss after a 4-month cognitive-behavioral intervention among the pistachio enriched diet arm as compared to general dietary guidance study arm.

The differential response in metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk factors, including lipids, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance among the pistachio enriched diet arm as compared to general dietary guidance study arm after four months.

The differential response in dietary intake and food choices in association with prescribing the pistachio-enriched diet as compared to general dietary guidance at 2-months and 4-months.

Cheryl Rock

Principal Investigator

American Pistachio Growers

Satiety

Subjects consume 240 kcal of pretzels daily for 8 weeks.

Pretzels

Subjects consume 240 kcal of mixed nuts daily for 8 weeks.

Mixed nuts

School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, SDSU

Effects of Mixed Nut Consumption on Satiety and Weight Management

Hunger feeling (appetite) will be examined using visual analog scale (0-10): 0 least and 10 greatest

Mee Young Hong

Professor

San Diego State University

Obese or overweight female adults will be randomly allocated to have have almond as afternoon snack while they have a hypoenergetic diet.

Obese or overweight female adults will be randomly allocated to have have Pistachio as afternoon snack while they have a hypoenergetic diet.

Obese or overweight female adults are asked to avoid all nuts, seeds, and nut products while they have a hypoenergetic diet. , as the control group.

Obesity

Overweight

Obese or overweight female adults will be randomly allocated to have almond as afternoon snacks, while they have a hypoenergetic diet.

Almond Group

Obese or overweight female adults will be randomly allocated to have Pistachio as afternoon snacks, while they have a hypoenergetic diet.

Pistachio Group

Obese or overweight female adults will be asked to avoid nuts, seeds and nut products, while they have a hypoenergetic diet.

Nut free group

NovinDiet Clinic

Effects of Almond Versus Pistachio on Weight Loss

Effects of Almond Versus Pistachio on Weight Loss of Obese and Overweight Female Adults During Hypoenergetic Diet - a Randomized, 12 Week Clinical Trial

Body weight was taken to the nearest 0.1 kg using a digital calibrated scale (Omron Health Care, Hoofddorp, Netherland), whilst subjects wore light clothing and no shoes.

Waist circumference (WC) was measured with a rigid measuring tape and recorded to the nearest 0.5 cm. WC was measured at the smallest horizontal circumference between the ribs and iliac crest (the natural waist), or, in case of an indeterminable waist narrowing, halfway between the lower rib and the iliac crest.

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were measured using the enzymatic colorimetric method.

Glycated hamoglobin (HbA1c) was measured by a colorimetric method after an initial separation by ion exchange chromatography (Biosystem, Barcelona, Spain).

Insulin resistance was evaluated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), which was calculated by using the following formula HOMA-IR = [fasting insulin (mU/l) × FPG (mmol/l)]/22.5

Biochemical analysis of the serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was carried out on a Selectra E auto analyzer (Vita Laboratory, Netherlands) following standard procedures of the Pars Azmoon diagnostic kits (Iran). The LDL cholesterol was calculated using the Friedewald formula.
LDL cholesterol = TC - HDL cholesterol + (TG ÷ 2.2)

Insulin was measured by using a radioimmunoassay with 125I-labeled human insulin and a human insulin antiserum in an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) (Biosource, Dorest, Belgium) with a gamma-counter system (Gamma I; Genesys).

Novindiet Clinic

University of Nottingham

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Participants will eat fatty fish and avoiding nuts)

Participants who will avoid both fatty fish and nuts

Metabolic Syndrome

Diabetes

At inclusion demographic information recorded, including length of breastfeeding for women. Thereafter, participants will start with a run-in period of two weeks where they will be asked not to consume salmon, mackerel, sardines or other fatty fish or nuts providing a dietary baseline. At baseline, subjects will be randomized to a fish, nuts or control group. The fish group will be asked to consume three to four portions weekly. The fish will be eaten at the main meal and in sandwiches for a total of 600 grams weekly for 6 months. This group will avoid eating nuts. The nut group will consume equal amount of energy (~1400 kcal ) for weekly use for 6 months. This group will avoid eating fatty fish. The control group will consume their usual diet, but asked to avoid fatty fish and nuts.

The fatty fish group

At baseline (conditions for baseline are the same in all three groups) the nut group will consume equal amount of energy (~1400 kcal ~100 grams walnuts, ~50 grams hazelnuts and ~50 grams almonds/week).The nuts will be provided free of charge for the six months. This group will avoid eating fatty fish.

The nut group

After the baseline the control group will consume their usual diet, asked to avoid fatty fish and nuts.

The control group

Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål

Fish or Nuts? Dietary Effects on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Persistent Organic Pollutants

Measuring of persistent organic pollutants' levels before and after intervention.
Blood tests will be obtained at randomization, and six months of follow-up for analysis analysis of environmental pollutants including 21 POPs in g/mol .Six-month follow-up samples will be stored for future analyses.

waist circumference in cm as cardiometabolic risk factor

Secondary endpoints will include C-reactive protein

The HOMA index (The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a method used to quantify insulin resistance and beta-cell function) in % will be calculated

HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein) in mmol/L

Sasa Dusanov

PhD candidate

Oslo University Hospital

Participants will have an individualized reduced-calorie diet prescription and weight loss counseling session with the project coordinator, who is a registered dietitian. Composition of prescribed diets will be based on individual preferences. During the 6-month intervention, study subjects will participate in individualized counseling and group sessions, with in-person, telephone, email and text message contacts to provide support and behavioral guidance and strategies. All participants will have contact with the project coordinator a minimum of every 1-2 weeks. Walnuts will be provided to participants in the walnut-rich study arm.

Participants will have an individualized reduced-calorie diet prescription and weight loss counseling session with the project coordinator, who is a registered dietitian. Composition of prescribed diets will be based on individual preferences. During the 6-month intervention, study subjects will participate in individualized counseling and group sessions, with in-person, telephone, email and text message contacts to provide support and behavioral guidance and strategies. Participants assigned to this arm will be instructed to abstain from the consumption of nuts during the study. All participants will have contact with the project coordinator a minimum of every 1-2 weeks.

Composition of prescribed diets will be based on individual preferences, with the goal of reduced energy intake and increased energy expenditure. During the 6-month intervention, study subjects will participate in individualized counseling and group sessions, with in-person, telephone, email and text message contacts to provide support and behavioral guidance and strategies. Walnuts will be provided to participants. The overall content of the intervention consists of key elements of cognitive-behavioral therapy for obesity. The physical activity component emphasizes planned aerobic exercise, increased physical activity in the lifestyle, and strength training.

Walnut-rich weight loss diet

Composition of prescribed diets will be based on individual preferences, with the goal of reduced energy intake and increased energy expenditure. During the 6-month intervention, study subjects will participate in individualized counseling and group sessions, with in-person, telephone, email and text message contacts to provide support and behavioral guidance and strategies. The overall content of the intervention consists of key elements of cognitive-behavioral therapy for obesity. The physical activity component emphasizes planned aerobic exercise, increased physical activity in the lifestyle, and strength training.

pistacia weinmanniifolia/gubitak težine

UCSD Get Fit, Be Fit Study

Effects of Mixed Nut Consumption on Satiety and Weight Management

Effects of Almond Versus Pistachio on Weight Loss

Fish or Nuts? Dietary Effects on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Persistent Organic Pollutants

The Lean Living Study

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