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We have studied the forms of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum of patients with prostatic cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Fractionation of serum by gel filtration and assay of the fractions for PSA showed that a considerable part of the PSA immunoreactivity in serum consisted of
Serine proteases of the chymotrypsin fold are of great interest because they provide detailed understanding of their enzymatic properties and their proposed role in a number of physiological and pathological processes. We have been developing the macromolecular inhibitor ecotin to be a
Elevated activities of cysteine proteinases, the cathepsins B, H, L (CB, CH, CL) and diminished cysteine protease inhibitors (CPI) have been demonstrated in a variety of tumours and have been suggested to contribute to invasion and metastasis. The situation for prostate cancer is still unknown. In
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protease able to bind to serum antiproteases as alpha 1 antichymotrypsin (ACT). Free PSA (FPSA) corresponds to the fraction of total PSA (TPSA) which is unbound to ACT. Specific detection of the FPSA seems to be a valuable tool in the distinction between
OBJECTIVE
Tumor microenvironment is characterized by regions of fluctuating and chronic hypoxia, low extracellular pH, and nutrient depletion. Although it is well known that hypoxia stimulates the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), the role of low extracellular pH and
In an endeavor to identify marker(s) for prostatic cancer, proteins in prostatic fluids were analyzed by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. The fluids were obtained from five males who had no prostate lesions and five patients each with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic
At present, there is no established diagnostic method by which the metastatic ability of an individual prostatic cancer can be accurately predicted. Metastasis is a multistep process, the first critical step of which is invasion. Tumor invasion has been suggested to involve a variety of hydrolytic
We have investigated the possibility of the secretion of gonadotrophin-releasing-hormone (GnRH)-like peptides by prostatic cancer cells in culture and their presence in cytosolic preparations from human prostatic biopsy specimens. A GnRH-specific radioimmunoassay showed GnRH-like activity in
In select cases of prostatic carcinoma, antikeratin 34betaE12 immunohistochemical analysis is diagnostically useful for specific labeling of basal cells. This antibody, however, is prone to variability in staining, and the optimal conditions were not, to our knowledge, previously defined. We
In an attempt to identify marker(s) for prostatic cancer, proteins in urines of normal and prostatectomized males and in men with cancerous prostate were analyzed. Only urines collected with protease inhibitors were examined. Two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis was used for high resolution
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a M(r) 34,000 serine protease, is recognized as a useful marker for the detection and prognosis of patients with prostate cancer. Although serum PSA is an excellent prognostic indicator, an increasing number of factors were found to regulate the PSA expression of
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) seems to be an important protease in prostate cancer invasion, and tyrosine phosphorylation is thought to play a role in the regulation of its production. The amount of uPA was measured with a synthetic peptide substrate after treatment with various
We investigated a possible relationship between brefeldin A (BFA), an antibiotic, and cathepsin D (Cat.D), a lysosomal protease, in prostate cancer proliferation. Effects of BFA (30 ng/ml) were examined on the growth of three human prostatic cancer cell lines, PC-3, DU-145, and LNCaP cells. Its
Serum alpha-thiol protease inhibitor (alpha-TPI) concentration was assayed by radial immunodiffusion in normal subjects, pregnant women, and in a wide variety of diseases. The normal concentration (448 (SD 75) mg/l) increased significantly (p less than 0.001) in pregnancy to 575 (89) mg/l, and in
Vegetarian populations show a decreased occurrence of breast, colon, and prostatic cancers. Epidemiological studies have identified seeds (maize, corn, and beans) as protective agents in these cancers. We have selected to study one abundant component of all seeds, protease inhibitors. Synthetic and