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The role of proteinases in angiogenesis, heart development, restenosis, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, and stroke: insights from genetic studies.

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The development of novel gene technologies in mice has provided an elegant tool to identify gene products that are causally linked to certain physiologic processes as well as the pathogenesis of numerous disorders. Using these techniques, three major proteolytic systems -- the plasminogen, the

Proteinase-activated receptors in the nervous system.

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Recent data point to important roles for proteinases and their cognate proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) in the ontogeny and pathophysiology of the nervous system. PARs are a family of G-protein-coupled receptors that can affect neural cell proliferation, morphology and physiology. PARs also

Anticoagulants affect matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels in blood samples of stroke patients and healthy controls.

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OBJECTIVE Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) represents a promising marker for acute stroke management. In clinical studies MMP-9 has been quantified by ELISA using differing protocols. We aimed to establish a valid protocol by evaluation of preanalytics. METHODS Blood from stroke patients (n=28)

Ubiquitin-proteasome system and proteasome inhibition: new strategies in stroke therapy.

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OBJECTIVE Proteasomes are large multicatalytic proteinase complexes that are found in the cytosol and in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells with a central role in cellular protein turnover. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has a central role in the selective degradation of intracellular proteins.

Churg-strauss syndrome as an unusual aetiology of stroke with haemorrhagic transformation in a patient with no cardiovascular risk factors.

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BACKGROUND We present here a case of haemorrhagic brain infarction in a middle-aged and physically active male, who had never smoked. This case report aims to remind the internist and neurologist to bear in mind unusual aetiologies of brain infarcts in patients without classical cardiovascular risk

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator promotes dendritic spine recovery and improves neurological outcome following ischemic stroke.

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Spines are dendritic protrusions that receive most of the excitatory input in the brain. Early after the onset of cerebral ischemia dendritic spines in the peri-infarct cortex are replaced by areas of focal swelling, and their re-emergence from these varicosities is associated with neurological

Membrane lipid peroxidation in neurodegeneration: Role of thrombin and proteinase-activated receptor-1.

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Thrombin and membrane lipid peroxidation (MLP) have been implicated in various central nervous system (CNS) disorders from CNS trauma to stroke, Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases. Because thrombin also induces MLP in platelets and its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases we

[Immunological predictors of acute post-stroke period].

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At the present time, there is an increased interest in the search for biological predictors of the course and outcome of ischemic stroke (IS). Numerous studies have shown the relationship between neuroinflammation (in the brain) and systemic inflammatory response (in the

[Association of ADAMTS-1 gene polymorphisms with ischemic stroke caused by large artery atherosclerosis].

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OBJECTIVE To assess the association of a disintegrin and metallo-proteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs (ADAMTS-1) gene polymorphism and ischemic stroke caused by large artery atherosclerosis (LAA). METHODS In total 767 patients and 506 controls were recruited. Single nucleotide polymorphisms

Role of tissue-type plasminogen activator in ischemic stroke.

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Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) administration has been approved for treating acute ischemic stroke, but delayed treatment is associated with increased risk of cerebral hemorrhage and brain injury. t-PA, a serine proteinase, converts plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin participates not only in

Ischemic stroke accompanied by anti-PR3 antibody-related cerebral vasculitis and hepatitis C virus infection.

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BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been found to be strikingly associated with autoimmune phenomena. Autoantibodies are commonly found in patients with HCV infection. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)

Overexpression of miR-582-5p Inhibits the Apoptosis of Neuronal Cells after Cerebral Ischemic Stroke Through Regulating PAR-1/Rho/Rho Axis.

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OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the role of miR-582-5p/proteinase-activated receptors type I (PAR-1)/Rho/Rho in neuronal cell apoptosis after cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS). METHODS In vivo mouse model of CIS induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion and in vitro model induced

Evaluation of granulocyte elastase as a sensitive diagnostic parameter of inflammation in first ischemic stroke.

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Several traditional vascular risk factors are associated with proinflammatory alterations, including leukocyte activation, and predispose cerebral vasculature to thrombogenesis on inflammatory stimulation. PMN elastase derived from the activated neutrophils might play an important role in injury.

Therapeutic approaches to vascular protection in ischemic stroke.

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Reperfusion with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) sometimes causes catastrophic hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in the ischemic brain. Consequently, the application of tPA has been strictly limited. Recent studies have indicated that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-9,

Kallikrein-kinin in stroke, cardiovascular and renal disease.

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Tissue kallikrein, a serine proteinase, produces the potent vasodilator kinin peptide from kininogen substrate. The levels of tissue kallikrein are reduced in humans and animal models with hypertension, cardiovascular and renal disease. Using transgenic and somatic gene transfer approaches, we

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