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There are two insulin receptor (IR) isoforms (designated type A and type B), derived from alternative splicing of exon 11 of the IR gene. Recently, we reported (Huang Z., Bodkin N.L., Ortmeyer H.K., Hansen B.C., Shuldiner A. R., 1994, J Clin Invest, 94:1289-1296) that an increase in the exon 11-
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study is to explain the effect and reciprocal action among tumor necrosis factor (TNF) like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) on degeneration of human intervertebral disc
In the torn rotator cuff muscles, decreased expression of wnt10b prior to elevation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) has previously been reported. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the expression profiles of METHODS
An external compression model was used to evaluate gene and protein expression in intervertebral discs with moderate disc degeneration.
OBJECTIVE
To determine messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression levels of relevant disc components.
BACKGROUND
An animal model of mechanically
We have previously identified a neuroprotective effect associated with empty (E1(-), E3(-), E4(-)) adenovirus vector delivery in a model of light-induced, photoreceptor cell death. In this study, we further characterize this protective effect in light-injured retina and investigate its molecular
Proximal spinal muscular atrophy is caused by deletion or mutation of the survival motor neuron 1 gene, SMN1. Rentention of a nearly identical copy gene, SMN2, enables survival but is unable to fully compensate for the loss of SMN1. The SMN1 and SMN2 genes differ by a single nucleotide that results
The histochemical distribution of nucleic acids has been studied in degenerating motor neurons of 9 children who died with spinal muscular atrophy, using the fluorochrome acridine orange. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) fluorescence disappeared abruptly from involved motor neurons without chromatolysis,
In order to obtain the basic knowledge necessary to develop therapeutical intervention for blindness due to the damaged retina and optic nerve, the mechanism of retinal degeneration and regeneration in an amphibian model, Cynops pyrrhogaster, was studied. In the retinal degenerative process
METHODS
Bovine caudal intervertebral discs (IVDs) were exposed to free axial vibration for 10 to 60 minutes at 0 to 0.5 g and 0 to 200 Hz. Expression of messenger ribonucleic acid for aggrecan, collagen type I, collagen type II, biglycan, decorin, and versican were assayed, as was
To learn the toxicity of xenogeneic tumor-specific immune ribonucleic acid (I-RNA), experimental and clinical studies were carried out. Experimentally, doses of 30 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, 7.5 mg/kg or 3.75 mg/kg of xenogeneic I-RNA extracted from lymphoid tissues of rabbits sensitized with 105,000 Xg