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Hydrolysis of the crude saponin extracted from the leaves of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen yields five sapogenins which are separated by column chromatography. Two of these are identified to be panaxadiol and panaxatriol whose structures were elucidated earlier. The third sapogenin ist found
BACKGROUND
Panax japonicus C. A. Mey. is a rare traditional Chinese herbal medicine that uses ginsenosides as its main active ingredient. Rice does not produce ginsenosides because it lacks a key rate-limiting enzyme (β-amyrin synthase, βAS); however, it produces a secondary metabolite,
A gas-liquid chromatography (tlc) method was developed to assay individual ginsenosides and sapogenins in rabbit plasma and urine samples. A flavonoid, panasenoside, and a sterol, stigmasterol, were used as internal standards for ginsenosides and their sapogenins, respectively. Linear relationships
In-source fragmentation of ginsenosides in the positive ESI mode (pISF-G) frequently occurs, which results in little fragment information useful for the structural elucidation. We are aimed to unveil the genesic mechanism and explore its potential significance in quality control of Ginseng and the
Four main dammarane-type aglycones of gypenosides, extracted from the aerial parts of Gynostemma pentaphyllum were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. By detecting these aglycones as well as the aglycones of ginsenosides, a difference in sapogenin composition between Gynostemma
Two new dammarane-type triterpene sapogenins were isolated from the Chinese red ginseng. The new sapogenins were named as 24,26-dihydroxy-panaxdiol (1) and 24-hydroxy-panaxdiol (2). Their structures were elucidated by the combined analysis of NMR and mass spectrometry as
The effect of ginseng sapogenins, aglycone parts of ginsenosides, against oxidative damage by radical generator, 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), in renal epithelial LLC-PK(1) cells was investigated to identify the structural characteristics of sapogenins to have renoprotective
Ginseng sapogenins were produced from ginseng saponins, isolated from Korean ginseng roots. Ginseng saponins very mildly inhibited acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) in vitro, however, the sapogenins showed strong inhibitory activity on microsomal ACAT. Therefore, the sapogenins will be one
Incubation of ginseng sapogenins with microsomes from rat liver resulted in formation of their 20,24-epoxides as major metabolites. Identification of the metabolites was performed by HPLC, FAB-MS and EI-MS.
OBJECTIVE
25-Hydroxyprotopanaxadiol (25-OH-PPD) and 25-methoxylprotopanaxadiol (25-OCH3-PPD), two ginseng sapogenins, have potent antitumor activity and their effects on gastric cancer (BGC-823, SGC-7901, MKN-28) cells and a gastric mucosa (GES-1) cell line are reported.
RESULTS
Both compounds
Three new dammarane-type sapogenins (1, 3, and 5) together with two known ones (2 and 4) were isolated from the total hydrolyzed saponins extracted from Panax ginseng berry. Their structures were elucidated using a combination of 1D and 2D (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra and mass spectroscopy as
Because of poor prognosis, clinical treatment of triple-negative (TN) breast cancer remains the most challenging factor in cancer treatment. Extensive research into alternative cancer therapies includes studying the naturopathic effects of the medicinal herb ginseng. This study investigates the
Ginsenosides are the main active ingredients in Chinese medicinal ginseng; 2,3-oxidosqualene is a precursor metabolite to ginsenosides that is present in rice. Because rice lacks a key rate-limiting enzyme (dammarenediol-II synthase, DS), rice cannot synthesize dammarane-type ginsenosides. In this