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Transdermal scopolamine to reduce salivation and possibly aspiration after stroke.

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We report two cases illustrating a potential use of transdermal scopolamine to reduce salivation in acute stroke. We speculate that this may lead to reduced aspiration and possibly also less pneumonia. However, the treatment is associated with side effects. Finally, we suggest that this use of

The effect of cardioacceleration by methyl-scopolamine nitrate on the circulation at rest and during exercise in supine position, with special reference to the stroke volume.

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GABAergic but not anti-cholinergic agents re-induce clinical deficits after stroke.

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Our goal was to determine whether the excitatory (i.e., GABA) neurotransmitter system was important in human stroke recovery. We hypothesized that giving midazolam, a GABA(A) agonist, to patients would re-induce clinical deficits to a greater extent than the anti-cholinergic scopolamine. Twelve

Moringa oleifera seed extract protects against brain damage in both the acute and delayed stages of ischemic stroke.

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The extract of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) seeds exerts various pharmacological effects. Our previous study demonstrated that M. oleifera seed extract (MSE) alleviates scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in mice. In the present study, we investigate the neuropharmacological

Vinpocetine Improves Scopolamine Induced Learning and Memory Dysfunction in C57 BL/6J Mice.

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Vinpocetine is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 1 (PDE1), which has been used for treating stroke for over 40 years. However, according to current clinical dosage and treatment period, its direct effect on memory is unclear. In this study, we investigated whether vinpocetine could reverse the

[Features of memantine action profile in cholinergic deficit and intracerebral posttraumatic hematoma (hemorrhagic stroke) models in rats].

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Memantine, a low-affinity non-competitive antagonist of glutamatergic NMDA-subtype receptors, was used at a daily dose of 1 mg/kg over 10 days for the treatment of rats with cholinergic deficit induced by the chronic administration of scopolamine (1 mg/kg, 20 days). The drug prevented violation of

Propane-2-sulfonic acid octadec-9-enyl-amide alleviates scopolamine-induced spatial learning and memory deficits in mice

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Our previous reports demonstrated that the novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ (PPARα/γ) dual agonist propane-2-sulfonic acid octadec-9-enyl-amide (N15) alleviates cognitive ability in the chronic phase of ischemic stroke. However, the potential effects of N15 on Alzheimer's

ESP-102, a standardized combined extract of Angelica gigas, Saururus chinensis and Schizandra chinensis, significantly improved scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.

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We assessed the effects of oral treatments of ESP-102, a standardized combined extract of Angelica gigas, Saururus chinensis and Schizandra chinensis, on learning and memory deficit. The cognition-enhancing effect of ESP-102 was investigated in scopolamine-induced (1 mg/kg body weight, s.c.) amnesic

Protective effects of scopolamine and penehyclidine hydrochloride on acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and effects on cytokines.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of scopolamine and penehyclidine hydrochloride on acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and the effect on cytokine levels. Eighty patients with cardiac arrest admitted to our hospital from

Evaluating an organized palliative care approach in patients with severe stroke.

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BACKGROUND A recent survey found few guidelines on the provision of palliative care following stroke; none examined the efficacy or results of any such process. The role of the patient's family in decision making and in conflicts with staff has not been evaluated. We sought to formally evaluate the

Protective effect of the ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis and 4-O-methylhonokiol on scopolamine-induced memory impairment and the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity.

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Magnolol, honokiol, and obovatol are well-known bioactive constituents of the bark of Magnolia officinalis and have been used as traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of neurosis, anxiety, and stroke. We recently isolated novel active compound (named 4-O-methylhonokiol) from the ethanol

Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells Protect Against Scopolamine-Induced Alzheimer-Like Pathological Aberrations.

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Vascular endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients with AD have displayed decreased circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) which repair and maintain the endothelial function. Transplantation of EPCs has emerged as a promising approach

A selective M1 and M3 receptor antagonist, penehyclidine hydrochloride, prevents postischemic LTP: involvement of NMDA receptors.

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Our previous and other studies have confirmed that a selective M1 and M3 receptor antagonist, Penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC), has neuroprotection activity in cerebral ischemia. However, the precise mechanisms of protection of PHC are still elusive. In this study we analyzed PHC-mediated

Novel naphthyloxy derivatives - Potent histamine H3 receptor ligands. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation.

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A series of 1- and 2-naphthyloxy derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for histamine H3 receptor affinity. Most compounds showed high affinities with Ki values below 100 nM. The most potent ligand, 1-(5-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)pentyl)azepane (11) displayed high affinity for the histamine H3

[Use of opioids in the elderly -- pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations].

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Perioperative management of geriatric patients is becoming an important component in anaesthetic practice in the 21st century. This phenomenon is due to the fact that people aged 65 and over are the segment with the fastest growing population. Thus, it is estimated that by the year 2025 20 % of the

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