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A previous study showed that valproic acid (VPA) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) exhibit synergistic toxicity (lethality) in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats. The present study investigated a possible mechanism for this synergy using an in vitro system. Incubation of human U937 cells with
Valproic acid (VPA) is a drug known for idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity and is associated with oxidative stress. It is metabolized extensively with at least one pathway leading to reactive metabolites. The primary aim of the present study was to determine whether oxidative metabolites of VPA generated
Human studies of neurodevelopment suggest that children exposed in utero to certain antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) suffer a variety of brain-behavior sequelae, such as neural tube defects, developmental delays, cognitive deficits, etc. Valproic acid (VPA), a commonly used AED, has greater risk for these
The authors report a case of fatal hepatic failure in a 19-year old young man suffering from absence seizures and treated for two months with valproic acid (VPA). The duration of VPA therapy before onset of clinical manifestations was four weeks. The prodromal symptoms were weakness, anorexia, and
Valproic acid (VPA) has been used as anticonvulsants, however, it induces hepatotoxicity such as microvesicular steatosis and necrosis in the liver. To explore the mechanisms of VPA-induced steatosis, we profiled the gene expression patterns of the mouse liver that were altered by treatment with VPA
OBJECTIVE
To explore the possibility of brain damage induced by several anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) at therapeutic level to immature brain of rat.
METHODS
Totally 160 healthy Spraque-Dawley (SD) rats selected for the study were divided into infant and adult groups. Each age group was treated with
Background: Murine leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM) in mice and rats. The disease evolves with the development of cellular anergy that impedes the production of interferon gamma (IFNγ),
BACKGROUND
Hemorrhagic shock (HS) followed by an infection ("second hit") can lead to severe systemic inflammatory response and multiple-organ failure. Studies have shown that resuscitation with hypertonic saline (HTS) can blunt the inflammatory response. We demonstrated that large doses of valproic
BACKGROUND
Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has extensive activities against inflammation, oxidation, and malignancy. This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of VPA on the systemic inflammatory response and renal injury in septic mice.
METHODS
The septic
BACKGROUND
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in an increase in hepatic metabolism. The increased metabolism is in significant contrast to a large body of in vitro and in vivo data demonstrating that activation of the host-defence response downregulates hepatic metabolism. Theoretically, this
OBJECTIVE
To determine the cytotoxicity of valproic acid (VPA) and its derivatives in human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cells, and to study the possible toxicity of these compounds in human lymphocytes from patients with known hypersensitivity syndrome reactions (HSRs) to other medication.
METHODS
Cells
The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) family of transcription factors regulate gene expression in response to diverse stimuli. We previously demonstrated that valproic acid (VPA) exposure in utero decreases total cellular protein expression of the NF-κB subunit p65 in CD-1 mouse embryos with a neural
METHODS
Case report and literature review of cervical flexion myelopathies.
OBJECTIVE
To increase awareness that prolonged extreme neck flexion, in association with profound muscular relaxation, can produce a severe cervical myelopathy.
BACKGROUND
Similar case reports of cervical myelopathies have
Valproic acid (VPA) undergoes cytochrome P450-mediated desaturation to form 4-ene-VPA, which subsequently yields (E)-2,4-diene-VPA by β-oxidation. Another biotransformation pathway involves β-oxidation of VPA to form (E)-2-ene-VPA, which also generates (E)-2,4-diene-VPA by cytochrome P450-mediated
OBJECTIVE
To determine the cytotoxicity of valproic acid (VPA) and its metabolite, 4-ene-valproic acid (4-ene-VPA) in human hepatoblastoma cells (Hep G2), and to study the modulatory effect of cytochrome P450 2E1 induction in this model.
METHODS
Cells were exposed to VPA or 4-ene-VPA in the presence