Participants will receive lactose placebo tablets, encapsulated in opaque capsules, and will be asked to take one capsule daily for seven days at night-time, by mouth

Participants will receive 20mg atorvastatin tablets, encapsulated in opaque capsules, and will be asked to take one capsule daily for seven days at night-time, by mouth

Healthy

Atorvastatin 20mg

Lactose placebo

Riccardo De Giorgi

7-day Atorvastatin and Emotional Processing

The Effect of Seven-Day Atorvastatin Administration on Emotional Processing, Reward Processing, and Inflammation in Healthy Volunteers

Faces representing varying degrees [from "neutral" (0%) to "full prototypical emotion" (100%) of basic emotions (happiness, fear, anger, disgust, sadness, surprise)] are displayed on the screen and participants are asked to quickly and correctly classify them. Accuracy and reaction times on positive vs negative stimuli are compared between those receiving drug and placebo.

Faces acting as positive or negative emotional stimuli (happy or fearful facial expressions) are presented together with a matched neutral face. One is presented above and one below a central fixation point. Subsequently, a probe appears behind one of the two faces and participants are asked to quickly indicate the position of the probe. Accuracy and reaction times on positive vs negative stimuli are compared between those receiving drug and placebo.

Words describing positive and negative personality characteristics are presented, and participants are asked to quickly indicate whether they would like or dislike being described with the presented word. Accuracy and reaction times on positive vs negative stimuli are compared between those receiving drug and placebo.

After a delay from the Emotional categorisation task, participants are asked to recall and write down as many words as possible from it. Accuracy in recall of positive vs negative stimuli are compared between those receiving drug and placebo.

The original personality descriptors in the Emotional categorisation task, plus an equal number of matched distractor words, are presented, and participants are asked to indicate whether they recognise it from the Emotional categorisation task. Accuracy and reaction times on positive vs negative stimuli are compared between those receiving drug and placebo.

During a computer-based task, participants are instructed to learn and select which images are associated with wins rather than losses. Accuracy and reaction times are assessed and compared between those receiving drug and placebo.

Changes in high sensitivity-C Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) from baseline to seven-day, comparing those receiving drug and placebo

To comply with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the new Data Protection Act, personal data will be deleted as soon as possible after it is no longer needed for the study.
Screening information: For volunteers who do not wish to be contacted for future studies, screening information (including contact details) will be stored for up to one year of completing study analyses, and then destroyed by shredding. Contact details may be retained after the end of the study for participants who have agreed to be contacted for future studies.
Consent forms: Consent forms will be kept for 10 years after the end of the study, and then destroyed by shredding.

University of Oxford

Wellcome Trust

Participants will be randomised, in a double-blind fashion, to either placebo or atorvastatin. The randomisation code will be drawn up by a researcher not involved in the study using an online randomisation tool (https://www.sealedenvelope.com/simple-randomiser/v1/lists).

The atorvastatin drug and the placebo will be encapsulated in identical capsules. Participants will not be aware of the treatment that they will be receiving; neither will the researcher. Allocation of treatments will be recorded on a Randomisation List, which will be updated when each new participant enters the randomised phase. The list will be held by a scientist uninvolved in the study.

Cancer Cachexia

Ruxolitinib

Division of Hematology/Oncolgy, University Clinic of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG

Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kantonsspital Olten

Study of Ruxolitinib in the Treatment of Cachexia in Patients With Tumor-Associated Chronic Wasting Diseases.

The RUXexia Trial: An Open-label Phase II Trial of Ruxolitinib in the Treatment of Cachexia in Patients With Tumor-Associated Chronic Wasting Diseases.

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)

Formula BMI = W / H2 (W=body weight in kilograms; H=body height in meters)

Reporting of adverse events according to the NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0

Measurement of power and speed on a stair climbing test (Stair climb speed [m/sec]=[height of 12 steps(meters)]/[time (seconds) up the 12 steps]; Stair climb power [watts]=[9.8 m/sec2]*[weight (kg)]*[height of 12 steps(meters)]/[time (seconds) up the 12 steps]).

Multiplex-assays for proinflammatory cytokines

Free oxygen radical monitor (FORM) with proper kits (FORMOX with FORT and FORD analysis kits, Callegari 1930 S.P.A., Parma, Italy).

anhedonia/astènia

7-day Atorvastatin and Emotional Processing

Study of Ruxolitinib in the Treatment of Cachexia in Patients With Tumor-Associated Chronic Wasting Diseases.

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