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The main pathway for the hepatic oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde proceeds via ADH and is associated with the reduction of NAD to NADH; the latter produces a striking redox change with various associated metabolic disorders. NADH also inhibits xanthine dehydrogenase activity, resulting in a
To study the effects of ethanol on the hepatotoxicity of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), 5 mg NDMA/kg body weight was injected intraperitoneally 3 times a week for 6 weeks into rats pair-fed liquid diets containing 36% of energy either as ethanol or as additional carbohydrates. Another group of rats
The role of oxygenation in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury was investigated in six baboons fed alcohol chronically and in six pair-fed controls. All animals fed alcohol developed fatty liver with, in addition, fibrosis in three. No evidence for hypoxia was found, both in the basal state
Recently developed tests that measure levels of alpha-amino-n-butyric acid (AANB) and serum glutamic dehydrogenase (GDH) may improve screening for early detection of heavy drinking and liver injury, respectively. With these tests, a "three-level" approach to the problem is now possible: (1)
Not all heavy drinkers develop severe alcoholic liver disease. Genetic factors are probably involved, but no corresponding useful markers have been developed thus far. Of greater practical applicability is the recognition of early changes in the liver that may indicate that the process of scarring
In patients with severe alcoholic liver disease (i.e., cirrhosis), a deficiency of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) develops as a result of decreased SAMe synthetase activity. Whether a sizeable SAMe depletion occurs already at earlier stages of alcoholic liver disease has been the subject of debate. To