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Phosphodiesterase inhibitors possess anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, some studies report that phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) are highly expressed in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The present study aimed to investigate whether intrathecal administration of Bay 60-7550, a specific PDE2A
Inflammation causes hyperalgesia, an enhanced sensitivity to noxious stimuli. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a thermo-TRP ion channel activated by painful levels of heat, is an important contributor because hyperalgesia is reduced when TRPV1 is either genetically deleted or
Dietary-associated diseases have increased tremendously in our current population, yet key molecular changes associated with high-fat diets that cause clinical pre-diabetes, obesity, hyperglycemia, and peripheral neuropathy remain unclear. This study examines molecular and metabolic aspects altered
Inflammatory pain is based on stimulation and sensitization of peripheral endings of sensory neurons (nociceptors) by pronociceptive mediators. These mediators can be released by resident cells, as well as invading immune cells. Although neutrophils are known to release various mediators, which can
Dynorphin, an opioid peptide, is thought to play an important role in the modulation of nociceptive neural circuits at the level of the spinal cord. In a model of peripheral inflammation and hyperalgesia, an oligodeoxyribonucleotide probe complementary to a portion of preprodynorphin mRNA and
This study examined the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on persistent inflammatory hyperalgesia in a rat model. Inflammation and hyperalgesia were induced by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into one hindpaw of the rat. Hyperalgesia was determined by a decrease in paw withdrawal
Loose ligation of a rat's sciatic nerve produces hyperalgesia to thermal stimuli and elicits guarding behavior directed at the afflicted paw. The present experiments test whether localized inflammation induced by the suture material used to ligate the nerve is critical to the development of
Neurotrophic factors, such as nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, are members of the structurally related neurotrophin family that play important roles in pain modulation. Although there are also indications for the involvement of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
Acute and prolonged inflammatory processes, induced by intradermal injections of autologous platelet preparations, leukocytes, platelet-leukocyte mixtures and vehicle solutions, were monitored in 20 human subjects for up to 48 h. Psychophysical methods were employed to assess the time course of pain
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder accompanied with hyperalgesia, edema and pain. At least 30% of the patients failed to respond to the available treatments and medications, which yet have a lot of serious adverse effects on patients. So, using novel Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)1 is a ligand-gated cation channel expressed by primary sensory neurons, including those in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). TRPV1 plays an essential role in development of inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia after tissue injury and its expression in rat
Some individuals recover from the pain of nerve trauma within 12 months or less whereas others experience life-long intractable pain. This transition between reversible pain and the establishment of chronic neuropathic pain is poorly understood. We examined the role of persistent inflammation in the
Chronic pain reflects not only sensitization of the ascending nociceptive pathways, but also changes in descending modulation. The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is a key structure in a well-studied descending pathway, and contains two classes of modulatory neurons, the ON-cells and the
Exposure to mid range ultrat violet radiations (UVBs) has been shown to produce systemic inflammation and hyperalgesia in mice [Saadé, N.E., Nasr, I.W., Massaad, C.A., Safieh-Garabedian, B., Jabbur, S.J., Kanaan, S.A., 2000. Modulation of ultraviolet-induced hyperalgesia and cytokine upregulation by
The MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) p38 is an important mediator of inflammation and of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. We have described recently that docking-groove-dependent interactions are important for p38 MAPK-mediated signal transduction. Thus virtual screening was performed to