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BACKGROUND
The maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis (HPAA) undergoes dramatic activation during pregnancy. Increased cortisol and corticotrophin-releasing-hormone (CRH) associate with low birthweight and preterm labor. In non-pregnant obesity, the HPAA is activated but circulating cortisol
Maternal obesity during pregnancy has been related with several pathological states in offspring. However, the impact of maternal obesity on reproductive system on the progeny is beginning to be elucidated. In this work, we characterize the effect of maternal obesity on puberty onset and follicular
OBJECTIVE
To compare the effects of tibolone, estriol and conventional hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on mammographic parenchymal density in postmenopausal women.
METHODS
This was a non-randomised, prospective, longitudinal, comparative study conducted at two specialist outpatient clinics in
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether the dietary phytochemical, indole-3-carbinol (13C), influences the level of estradiol 2-hydroxylation in obese women.
METHODS
A clinical intervention study involving the ingestion of purified 13C, 400 mg, for two months.
METHODS
Five healthy, overweight,
Creatinine-adjusted levels of estrone, estradiol, and estriol were determined in luteal phase urine specimens of 200 premenopausal women from rural areas of Greece. The relation of each estrogen to height, weight, obesity index, and serum cholesterol was studied by multiple regression, controlling
BACKGROUND
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is important for fetal growth and timing of parturition. Maternal obesity is associated with macrosomia (birthweight ⩾4000g) and prolonged pregnancy (⩾41weeks). We aimed to characterise HPA axis hormones in obese pregnancy and to test
Leptin, a hormone produced by adipocytes, provides information on the availability of fat stores to the hypothalamus and acts as an afferent satiety signal regulating appetite and energy expenditure in both rodents and humans [Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, Friedman JM.
The public discussion and the discussion among gynaecologists about the possible increased risk to develop carcinoma of the endometrium following post menopausal treatment with estrogens has lead to insecurity and restricted attitudes in the prescriptions of estrogens. In a statistic comparison of
The extent of proliferation of the vaginal and urethral epithelium, as well as urodynamic parameters, were studied in 232 patients in order to determine whether there is a relation between the development of stress incontinence and hormone-related epithelial proliferation. A higher build-up of
The metabolism of estradiol in girls with anorexia nervosa was compared with obese subjects and normal weight, age and sex matched controls. Increasing body weight was accompanied by a sharp decrease in 2-hydroxylation of estradiol and an increase in 16alpha-hydroxylation. These metabolic changes
OBJECTIVE
This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the second trimester maternal serum markers and adverse pregnancy outcomes in healthy newborns.
METHODS
A total of 749 women who delivered in our institution with complete follow up and second-trimester triple marker test data
The effects of oral administration of cyproterone acetate (CPA) (50 mg) associated with natural estrogens, was investigated in two groups of hirsute women. One group received 17-beta estradiol valerianate (E2) (2 mg) (n = 22) and the other, micronized E2 (2 mg) plus estriol (E3) (1 mg) daily (n =
Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupter, is widely used to make chemicals for polycarbonate, plastics, beverage containers, epoxy resins, and cash register receipts. BPA is one of the known xenoestrogens, which have weak estrogenic activity and cause obesity, diabetes, breast cancer, and
Various studies have demonstrated that increased leptin levels and obesity are inversely related to cognitive decline in menopausal women. It is hypothesized that adiposity is inversely correlated with cognitive decline, as women with increased weight are less vulnerable to diminishing cognition.
Urinary excretion of gonadotropins increases during fasting. We investigated whether this increase results from increased pituitary secretion of LH and FSH or from altered renal excretion of protein molecules. To this end, we studied urinary gonadotropin excretion, serum gonadotropin levels, and