hemicellulose/huseníček

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Exogenous auxin alleviates cadmium toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana by stimulating synthesis of hemicellulose 1 and increasing the cadmium fixation capacity of root cell walls.

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Auxin is involved in not only plant physiological and developmental processes but also plant responses to abiotic stresses. In this study, cadmium (Cd(2+)) stress decreased the endogenous auxin level, whereas exogenous auxin (α-naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA, a permeable auxin analog) reduced shoot

O-acetylation of Arabidopsis hemicellulose xyloglucan requires AXY4 or AXY4L, proteins with a TBL and DUF231 domain.

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In an Arabidopsis thaliana forward genetic screen aimed at identifying mutants with altered structures of their hemicellulose xyloglucan (axy mutants) using oligosaccharide mass profiling, two nonallelic mutants (axy4-1 and axy4-2) that have a 20 to 35% reduction in xyloglucan O-acetylation were

Genome-wide identification and characterization of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase family genes in moso bamboo and functional analysis of PeUGDH4 in hemicellulose synthesis

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Uridine diphosphate glucose dehydrogenases (UGDHs) are critical for synthesizing many nucleotide sugars and help promote the carbohydrate metabolism related to cell wall synthesis. In plants, UGDHs are encoded by a small gene family. Genome-wide analyses of these genes have been conducted in Glycine

Identification of an arabinopyranosyltransferase from Physcomitrella patens involved in the synthesis of the hemicellulose xyloglucan.

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The hemicellulose xyloglucan consists of a backbone of a β-1,4 glucan substituted with xylosyl moieties and many other, diverse side chains that are important for its proper function. Many, but not all glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of xyloglucan have been identified. Here, we

Analysis of the Arabidopsis IRX9/IRX9-L and IRX14/IRX14-L pairs of glycosyltransferase genes reveals critical contributions to biosynthesis of the hemicellulose glucuronoxylan.

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The hemicellulose glucuronoxylan (GX) is a major component of plant secondary cell walls. However, our understanding of GX synthesis remains limited. Here, we identify and analyze two new genes from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), IRREGULAR XYLEM9-LIKE (IRX9-L) and IRX14-LIKE (IRX14-L) that

Cell wall hemicellulose contributes significantly to aluminum adsorption and root growth in Arabidopsis.

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The cell wall (CW) has been recognized as the major target of aluminum (Al) toxicity. However, the components responsible for Al accumulation and the mechanisms of Al-induced CW function disruption are still elusive. The contribution of different CW components (pectin, hemicellulose 1 [HC1], and

Immunolocalization of hemicelluloses in Arabidopsis thaliana stem. Part II: Mannan deposition is regulated by phase of development and its patterns of temporal and spatial distribution differ between cell types.

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Microdistribution of mannans in Arabidopsis stem was examined using immunolocalization with mannan-specific monoclonal antibodies (LM21 and LM22). Mannan labeling in secondary xylem cells (except for protoxylem vessels) was initially detected in the cell wall during S(2) formation and increased

Immunolocalization of hemicelluloses in Arabidopsis thaliana stem. Part I: temporal and spatial distribution of xylans.

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We investigated the microdistribution of xylans in different cell types of Arabidopsis stem using immunolocalization methods with LM10 and LM11 antibodies. Xylan labeling in xylary fibers (fibers) was initially detected at the cell corner of the S(1) layer and increased gradually during fiber

Xyloglucan Fucosylation Modulates Arabidopsis Cell Wall Hemicellulose Aluminium binding Capacity.

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Although xyloglucan (XyG) is reported to bind Aluminium (Al), the influence of XyG fucosylation on the cell wall Al binding capacity and plant Al stress responses is unclear. We show that Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutants with reduced AXY3 (XYLOSIDASE1) function and consequent reduced levels of

AXY3 encodes a α-xylosidase that impacts the structure and accessibility of the hemicellulose xyloglucan in Arabidopsis plant cell walls.

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Xyloglucan is the most abundant hemicellulose in the walls of dicots such as Arabidopsis. It is part of the load-bearing structure of a plant cell and its metabolism is thought to play a major role in cell elongation. However, the molecular mechanism by which xyloglucan carries out this and other

Cell growth and homeostasis are disrupted in arabidopsis rns2-2 mutants missing the main vacuolar RNase activity.

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UNASSIGNED Enzymes belonging to the RNase T2 family are essential for normal rRNA turnover in eukaryotes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, this function is performed by RNS2. The null mutant rns2-2 has increased rRNA half-life and constitutive autophagy. The aim of this work was to determine the molecular

Overexpression of the carbohydrate binding module of strawberry expansin2 in Arabidopsis thaliana modifies plant growth and cell wall metabolism.

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Several cell wall enzymes are carbohydrate active enzymes that contain a putative Carbohydrate Binding Module (CBM) in their structures. The main function of these non-catalitic modules is to facilitate the interaction between the enzyme and its substrate. Expansins are non-hydrolytic proteins

Both cold and sub-zero acclimation induce cell wall modification and changes in the extracellular proteome in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Cold acclimation (CA) leads to increased plant freezing tolerance during exposure to low, non-freezing temperatures as a result of many physiological, biochemical and molecular changes that have been extensively investigated. In addition, many plant species, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, respond to

Patterned deposition of xylan and lignin is independent from the secondary wall cellulose of Arabidopsis xylem vessels.

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The secondary cell wall (SCW) of xylem vessel cells provides rigidity and strength that enables efficient water conduction throughout the plant. To gain insight into SCW deposition, we mutagenized Arabidopsis thaliana VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN7-inducible plant lines, in which ectopic protoxylem

The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene family functions as a cohort during the Glycine max defense response to Heterodera glycines.

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Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play important signal transduction roles. However, little is known regarding how they influence the gene expression of other family members and the relationship to a biological process, including the Glycine max defense response to Heterodera glycines.

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