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Hexokinases is a family of proteins that is found in all eukaryotes. Hexokinases play key roles in the primary carbon metabolism, where they catalyze the phosphorylation of glucose and fructose, but they have also been shown to be involved in glucose signaling in both yeast and plants. We have
Hexokinase 1 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtHXK1) plays a dual role in glycolysis and sugar sensing for vital metabolic and physiological processes. The uncoupling of glucose signalling from glucose metabolism was demonstrated by the analysis of two mutants (AtHXK1(G104D) and AtHXK1(S177A)) that are
Glucosamine (GlcN) is a naturally occurring amino-sugar that is synthesized by amidation of fructose-6-phosphate. Although a number of reports have examined the biological effects of GlcN on insulin resistance in mammalian systems, little is known about its effects on plant growth. In this study, we
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) is a key enzyme producing UDP-glucose, which is involved in an array of metabolic pathways concerned with, among other functions, the synthesis of sucrose and cellulose. An Arabidopsis thaliana UGPase-encoding gene, Ugp, was profoundly up-regulated by feeding
Stress responses in plants imply spatio-temporal changes in enzymes and metabolites, including subcellular compartment-specific re-allocation processes triggered by sudden changes in environmental parameters. To investigate interactions of primary metabolism with abiotic stress, the gin2-1 mutant,
Sugars like glucose and fructose induce death of yeast cells within a few hours, in the absence of additional nutrients to support growth, while cells incubated in water remain viable for weeks. This sugar-induced cell death (SICD) by glucose and fructose required glucose or fructose phosphorylation
Diurnal and seasonal changes of abiotic environmental factors shape plant performance and distribution. Changes of growth temperature and light intensity may vary significantly on a diurnal, but also on a weekly or seasonal scale. Hence, acclimation to a changing temperature and light regime is
The lack of phosphorus in the nutrient medium increased the expression of rab18, an abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive gene, in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. The expression of this gene was also upregulated after feeding the excised leaves with D-mannose and sucrose for both wild-type (wt) and aba1
Arabidopsis hexokinase1 (HXK1) is a moonlighting protein that has separable functions in glucose signaling and in glucose metabolism. In this study, we have characterized expression features and glucose phosphorylation activities of the six HXK gene family members in Arabidopsis thaliana. Three of
The role of the hexokinases (HXKs) as glucose (Glc) sensors has been mainly demonstrated for Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) HXK1 (AtHXK1) but has yet to be shown in other plant species. In our recent publication, we reported that two rice (Oryza sativa) HXKs, OsHXK5 and OsHXK6, also function as
Previous studies have revealed a central role of Arabidopsis thaliana hexokinases (AtHXK1 and AtHXK2) in the glucose repression of photosynthetic genes and early seedling development. However, it remains unclear whether HXK can modulate the expression of diverse sugar-regulated genes. On the basis
Unlike Arabidopsis hexokinase (AtHXK) 1, cyanobacterial glucokinase (cGlk, Sll0593) from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 does not function endogenously as a glucose sensor for glucose repression of photosynthesis-related genes such as psbA2, psbD2, rbcS, and rbcL. However, when cGlk was constitutively
Recent findings suggest a pivotal role for mitochondria-associated hexokinase in the regulation of apoptosis in animal cells. In this study, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of a hexokinase-encoding Hxk1 caused necrotic lesions on leaves, abnormal leaf morphology, and retarded plant growth in
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Hexokinase-Like1 (HKL1) lacks glucose (Glc) phosphorylation activity and has been shown to act as a negative regulator of plant growth. Interestingly, the protein has a largely conserved Glc-binding domain, and protein overexpression was shown previously to promote
Hexokinase (HK) occurs in all phyla, as an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway. Its importance in plant metabolism has emerged with compelling evidence that its preferential substrate, glucose, is both a nutrient and a signal molecule that controls development and expression of different classes of