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Synthesis, anti-inflammatory and analgesic evaluation of thioxoquinazolinone derivatives.

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A series of 3-substituted-2-thioxoquinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives have been synthesized and their structures have been elucidated on the basis of IR, (1)H-NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectroscopic studies. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated by

A non-pungent resiniferatoxin analogue, phorbol 12-phenylacetate 13 acetate 20-homovanillate, reveals vanilloid receptor subtypes on rat trigeminal ganglion neurons.

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Capsaicin, the vanilloid responsible for the pungent taste of hot peppers, binds to receptors found primarily in polymodal nociceptors. Capsaicin initially stimulates polymodal nociceptors and subsequently inhibits them from responding to a variety of stimuli. This property makes it useful

Cutaneous inflammation and proliferation in vitro: differential effects and mode of action of topical glucocorticoids.

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The nonhalogenated double ester of prednisolone, prednicarbate (PC), is the first topical glucocorticoid with an improved benefit/risk ratio verified clinically and in vitro. To evaluate if this is due to unique characteristics of this steroid, a new compound created according to an identical

Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory ophthalmic solution on intraocular pressure reduction by latanoprost in patients with primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ophthalmic solution on latanoprost induced intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction in glaucoma patients. METHODS Examination was conducted on 16 eyes of 16 glaucoma patients who had been given only latanoprost for at

Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory ophthalmic solution on intraocular pressure reduction by latanoprost.

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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ophthalmic solution on latanoprost induced intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction using normal volunteers. METHODS This study was conducted as a prospective and observer masked clinical trial. 13 normal volunteers

Serum paraoxonase type-1 activity in pigs: assay validation and evolution after an induced experimental inflammation.

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Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a serum enzyme synthesised and secreted primarily by the liver. It possesses anti-inflammatory properties limiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. The objectives of this study were to validate three spectrophotometric assays for the quantification of PON1

Characterization of Radioprotective, Radiomitigative and Bystander Signaling Modulating Effects of Endogenous Metabolites - Phenylacetate, Ursodeoxycholate and Tauroursodeoxycholate - on HCT116 Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Line.

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Exposures to ionizing radiation can cause depletion in stem cell reservoirs and lead to chronic injury processes that exacerbate carcinogenic and inflammatory responses. Therefore, radioprotective measures, against both acute and chronic biological effects of radiation, require frequent intake of

Ornithine phenylacetate revisited.

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In patients with liver failure hyperammonemia is associated with the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and immune impairment. Treatment of hyperammonemia is an unmet clinical need. Ornithine phenylacetate (OP) is a novel drug that is targeted at reducing ammonia concentration in patients

Effect of triterpenoids on the inflammation induced by protein kinase C activators, neuronally acting irritants and other agents.

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In order to establish the mode of the anti-inflammatory activity of triterpenoids, 11 naturally occurring compounds were assayed on mouse ear oedema induced by the protein kinase C activators, mezerein, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), two 12-deoxyphorbol-13-monoesters (13-tetradecanoate

Induction of apoptotic DNA fragmentation by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in cultured rat gastric mucosal cells.

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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to cause apoptosis in several cell lines including transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts and human colon cancer cells. We herein report the apoptotic effect of NSAIDs in a non-transformed cell line derived from the rat gastric mucosa,

The gut microbiota metabolite indole alleviates liver inflammation in mice.

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The gut microbiota regulates key hepatic functions, notably through the production of bacterial metabolites that are transported via the portal circulation. We evaluated the effects of metabolites produced by the gut microbiota from aromatic amino acids (phenylacetate, benzoate, p-cresol, and

Oleanonic acid, a 3-oxotriterpene from Pistacia, inhibits leukotriene synthesis and has anti-inflammatory activity.

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One of the best known bioactive triterpenoids is oleanolic acid, a widespread 3-hydroxy-17-carboxy oleanane-type compound. In order to determine whether further oxidation of carbon 3 affects anti-inflammatory activity in mice, different tests were carried out on oleanolic acid and its 3-oxo-analogue

Anti-inflammatory effects of short chain fatty acids in IFN-gamma-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells: involvement of NF-kappaB and ERK signaling pathways.

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The overactivation of macrophages causes abnormal cell death and chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the modulation of macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity is expected to become a new therapeutic strategy for various inflammatory diseases. In this study, three types of short chain fatty acids

Reduction in hyperammonaemia by ornithine phenylacetate prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced brain edema and coma in cirrhotic rats.

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OBJECTIVE In liver failure, inflammation synergistically exacerbates the deleterious cerebral effects of ammonia. The aims were to test whether treatment with the ammonia-lowering agent ornithine phenylacetate (OP) and/or anti-TNF-α (infliximab) prevent the deleterious brain consequences of

Altered Monoamine and Acylcarnitine Metabolites in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Subjects With Depression.

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BACKGROUND Depression is a frequent comorbidity in HIV infection that has been associated with worse treatment outcomes and increased mortality. Recent studies suggest that increased innate immune activation and tryptophan catabolism are associated with higher risk of depression in HIV infection and

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