Procedure/Surgery: Photodynamic Therapy After a surgical access, the periodontal pockets of teeth selected to receive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) will be irrigated with distilled water. Shortly thereafter, the dye will be applied (phenothiazine hydrochloride- 10mg/mL) from the bottom of the pocket. After 1 minute, irrigation will be performed with distilled water to remove the excess of dye. The stained area will be irradiated with a diode laser (660 nm and a 60 mW/cm²). Six sites per tooth under treatment will be irradiated (10 seconds/ site). Teeth with furcation lesion will increase over 60 seconds into the lesion. Before the application, the supragingival plaque will be removed.
Treatment with TFDa in the Test Group maintained the protocol of applications in the periods of 2, 7 and 14 days post-surgical intervention.

Procedure/Surgery: Sham Photodynamic Therapy After a surgical access, the periodontal pockets of teeth selected will receive a simulation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT): irrigation with distilled water and simulated laser application. Before the application, the supragingival plaque will be removed.

Chronic Periodontitis

After the sites are indicated for surgical therapy, they receive surgical access therapy associated with scaling and root planing and TfdA using the treatment protocol during periods of 0, 7, 14 and 30 postoperative days, or only surgical access therapy associated with scaling and root planing. As protocol, TfdA will be used laser light source 660nm wavelength in combination with phenothiazine, a photosensitizer with 10 seconds of exposure per site during surgery and 60 seconds in other applications.

Photodynamic Therapy

Scaling and root planing, also known as conventional periodontal therapy, or deep cleaning, is a procedure involving removal of dental plaque and calculus (scaling or debridement) and then smoothing, or planing, of the (exposed) surfaces of the roots, removing cementum or dentine that is impregnated with calculus, toxins, or microorganisms, the etiologic agents that cause inflammation. This helps to establish a periodontium that is in remission of periodontal disease. Periodontal scalers and periodontal curettes are some of the tools involved.

scaling and root planing

University of Sao Paulo

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Multiple Applications as a Coadjuvant in the Surgical Therapy of Access to Scaling

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Multiple Applications as a Coadjuvant in the Surgical Therapy of Access to Scaling in Patients With Advanced Chronic Periodontitis

Change from Baseline in clinical attachment level at +120 days

Change from baseline in counts of 40 subgingival bacterial species at +30 and +120 days

Numbers of patients requiring additional periodontal treatment at +120 days.

Sergio Luis Scombatti de Souza

Uislen Berian Cadore

Infection, Bacterial

Antibiotic Resistant Infection

Diagnostic Self Evaluation

Meningitis, Bacterial

Nosocomial Infection

Neurosurgery dept. University Hospital

Neurosurgery department, University Hospital

Rapid Test for Detection of the Focus of Infection in Post Neurosurgical Patients.

analyse of different body fluids to detect the focus of infections post neurosurgical fever

Fariba Nayeri

MD, PhD, associated professor

Lesions that were stained positive with rose bengal were biopsied and assessed for dysplasia

Lesions that were stained positive with toluidine blue were biopsied and assessed for dysplasia

Biopsy specimen of the lesion was retained.

All study participants received Rose Bengal and Toulidine Blue. Patients were asked to rinse their mouth with distilled water for 1 minute. 1% RB solution was applied with a cotton tip for 2 minutes. Again patients were asked to rinse their mouth for 1 minute with distilled water to remove excess RB solution and the area which had taken up the stain was photographed. Following this, patients were asked to rinse their mouth with 1% acetic acid for 1 min to remove the remaining RB stain from the lesion and were prepared for TB staining. 1% Toluidine blue was applied over the same lesion and after 30 seconds patients were made to swish with 1% acetic acid and the area stained was photographed.

All Study Participants

a proforma was used to record the baseline details

Sex: Female, Male

patients were asked regarding the usage of tobacco products and was recorded in proforma by investigator

tobacco habit

location of the lesion

Initially patients were asked to rinse their mouth with distilled water for 1 minute. 1% RB solution was applied with a cotton tip for 2 minutes. Again patients were asked to rinse their mouth for 1 minute with distilled water to remove excess RB solution and the area which had taken up the stain was photographed. positively stained lesions were subjected for biopsy.

Rose Bengal Staining

Following RB staining, patients were asked to rinse their mouth with 1% acetic acid for 1 min to remove the remaining RB stain from the lesion and were prepared for TB staining. 1% Toluidine blue was applied over the same lesion and after 30 seconds patients were made to swish with 1% acetic acid and the area stained was photographed. positively stained lesions were subjected to biopsy.

Toluidine Blue Staining

Number and Percentage of Lesions That Were Stained Positive

sensitivity: Percentage of lesions stained positive with Toluidine blue stain that were also stained positive with Rose Bengal stain specificity: Percentage of lesions stained negative with Toluidine blue stain that were also stained negative with Rose Bengal stain

1% RB solution was applied with a cotton tip for 2 minutes. Again patients were asked to rinse their mouth for 1 minute with distilled water to remove excess RB solution and the area which had taken up the stain was photographed.8 Following this, patients were asked to rinse their mouth with 1% acetic acid for 1 min to remove the remaining RB stain from the lesion.
1% toluidine blue applied over the lesion and after 30 seconds were made to swish with 1% acetic acid. the area retaining the stain was photographed and compared with that of rose bengal. only positively stained areas were subjected to biopsy procedure.

Sensitivity and Specificity (Percentage of True Positives and True Negatives)

this outcome measure was limited to the biopsied lesions.additionally, the intent of this outcome measure was only to study early detection of dysplasia in oral premalignant lesions using the Rose bengal stain. (no comparison between the two stains were intended )

Patients were asked to rinse their mouth with distilled water for 1 minute. 1% RB solution was applied with a cotton tip for 2 minutes. Again patients were asked to rinse their mouth for 1 minute with distilled water to remove excess RB solution and the area which had taken up the stain was photographed. Positively stained lesions were biopsied.

Rose Bengal Staining and Biopsy

Presence of Dysplasia in Biopsied Lesions That Were Stained by Rose Bengal

All patients received Rose Bengal and Toluidine Blue. Initially patients were asked to rinse their mouth with distilled water for 1 minute. 1% RB solution was applied with a cotton tip for 2 minutes. Again patients were asked to rinse their mouth for 1 minute with distilled water to remove excess RB solution and the area which had taken up the stain was photographed. Following this, patients were asked to rinse their mouth with 1% acetic acid for 1 min to remove the remaining RB stain from the lesion and were prepared for TB staining. 1% Toluidine blue was applied over the same lesion and after 30 seconds patients were made to swish with 1% acetic acid and the area stained was photographed.

Overall Study

Dr. Anisha Yaji

lesions were subjected to rose bengal staining and positive lesions were subjected to biopsy

Rose Bengal Positive Lesion

lesions were subjected to toluidine blue staining and positive lesions were subjected to biopsy

Toluidine Blue Positive Lesions and Biopsy

Oral Leukoplakia

Oral Lichen Planus

Premalignant Lesion

rose bengal stain and toluidine is applied over a premalignant lesion and positively stained lesions are subjected to biopsy.

Biopsy

the lesions stained positive were subjected to biopsy

Rose Bengal

toluidine blue

Comparison or Rose Bengal and Toluidine Blue Staining for Lesion Detection Efficacy

Efficacy of Rose Bengal in Comparison With Toluidine Blue in Detection of Premalignant Lesions: a Preliminary Study

Anisha Ramachandra Yaji

doctor

The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Center, Bangalore, India

After a surgical access, the periodontal pockets of teeth selected to receive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) will be irrigated with distilled water. Shortly thereafter, the dye will be applied (phenothiazine hydrochloride- 10mg/mL) from the bottom of the pocket. After 1 minute, irrigation will be performed with distilled water to remove the excess of dye. The stained area will be irradiated with a diode laser (660 nm and a 60 mW/cm²). Six sites per tooth under treatment will be irradiated (10 seconds/ site). Teeth with furcation lesion will increase over 60 seconds into the lesion. Before the application, the supragingival plaque will be removed.

After a surgical access, the periodontal pockets of teeth selected will receive a simulation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT): irrigation with distilled water and simulated laser application. Before the application, the supragingival plaque will be removed.

Sham Photodynamic Therapy

Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis With Repeated Adjunctive Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

Clinical and Microbiological of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on Surgical Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: a Double-blind Split-mouth Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

toluidine/krvácení

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Multiple Applications as a Coadjuvant in the Surgical Therapy of Access to Scaling

Rapid Test for Detection of the Focus of Infection in Post Neurosurgical Patients.

Comparison or Rose Bengal and Toluidine Blue Staining for Lesion Detection Efficacy

Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis With Repeated Adjunctive Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

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