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Kinetics of nornicotine and anabasine nitrosation in relation to N'-nitrosonornicotine occurrence in tobacco and to tobacco-induced cancer.

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The kinetics of nornicotine and anabasine nitrosation, studied in aqueous solution, obeyed equations typical for the nitrosation of aliphatic secondary amines, with third-order stoichiometric rate constants of 1.15 (nornicotine) and 0.86 (anabasine) M-2 sec-1. The similarity of the two rate

Tobacco alkaloid derivatives as inhibitors of breast cancer aromatase.

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The inhibition of estrogen biosynthesis by the use of aromatase inhibitors is emerging as a valuable approach to breast cancer therapy. Because smoking has a profound effect on estrogen-related processes we examined the ability of tobacco constituents to suppress estrogen production by breast cancer

Competitive inhibition of human placental aromatase by N-n-octanoylnornicotine and other nornicotine derivatives.

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In a study of the effect of N-n-octanoylnornicotine and other acyl derivatives of nornicotine on the aromatization of androstenedione by human placental microsomal aromatase, we found that N-n-octanoylnornicotine, a component of cigarette smoke, exhibited competitive inhibition with an apparent Ki

Toombak: a major risk factor for cancer of the oral cavity in Sudan.

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BACKGROUND Snuff dipping as practiced in North America and Western Europe is causally associated with cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx. In the Sudan, natives use local Nicotiana rustica, a tobacco species with high levels of nicotine and nornicotine, to prepare their own snuff which they call

Chemical studies on tobacco smoke. XLII. Nitrosonornicotine: presence in tobacco, formation and carcinogenicity.

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NNN is the first organic carcinogen isolated from unburned tobacco. It has been found in smoking tobaccos, chewing tobaccos and in snuff in concentrations between 0.3 and 90.0 mug. This appears to be an unusually high concentration for a nitrosamine in an environmental agent. We have presented data

Chemical studies on tobacco smoke LVI. Tobacco specific nitrosamines: origins, carcinogenicity and metabolism.

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Tobacco contains specific carcinogenic nitrosamines which are derived from nicotine. These compounds may be among the causative agents for the various cancers (lung, oral cavity, oesophagus, bladder and pancreas) which are associated with tobacco usage. The major tobacco specific nitrosamine is

Evidence for endogenous formation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in rats treated with tobacco alkaloids and sodium nitrite.

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Carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines are present in tobacco products and are believed to play a significant role in human cancers associated with tobacco use. Additional amounts of tobacco-specific nitrosamines could be formed endogenously. We tested this hypothesis by treating rats with

A study of tobacco carcinogenesis XLVIII. Carcinogenicity of N'-nitrosonornicotine in mink (Mustela vison).

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During tobacco processing and smoking, nicotine and nornicotine give rise to N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), a highly abundant, strong carcinogen. NNN is known to exert carcinogenic activity in mice, rats and hamsters. Major target organs for NNN carcinogenicity in the rat are the esophagus and the

Carcinogenic tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in snuff and in the saliva of snuff dippers.

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Human data indicate an increased risk for cancer of the oral cavity for snuff dippers. Popular snuff products from the United States, Germany, Sweden, and Denmark were analyzed for tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA). These compounds are formed during tobacco processing from nicotine,

Carcinogenicity of N'-nitrosonornicotine in Sprague-Dawley rats.

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N'-Nitrosonornicotine was added to the drinking water of outbred Sprague-Dawley rats. Adenocarcinomas of the olfactory epithelium occurred in all 15 rats, squamous papillomas o- the esophagus in 1, squamous papillomas of the nonglandular stomach in 1, and a hepatacellular tumor in 1. The possible

Endogenous formation of N'-nitrosonornicotine in F344 rats in the presence of some antioxidants and grape seed extract.

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N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) is one of the most abundant strong carcinogens in unburned tobacco and cigarette smoke and is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as carcinogenic to humans. Human exposure to NNN mainly occurs upon use of tobacco products. It is also possible

Activation of N'-nitrosonornicotine by hydrogen peroxide in vitro.

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Betel-quid ingredients were found to produce reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, in vitro. We demonstrated that N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) can be converted to its active metabolite, hydrogen peroxide, nonenzymatically in the presence of ferrous ions and

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