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BACKGROUND
Therapeutic hypothermia protects neurons after severe brain injury. Activated microglia produce several neurotoxic factors, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO), during neuron destruction. Hence, suppression of microglial release of these factors is thought to
Incubation of neutrophils with cytokines such as granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) delays their loss of function and changes in cellular morphology that are characteristic of apoptosis. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the diadenosine polyphosphates Ap4A and AP3A were almost
1 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) suppressed compound 48/80-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. 2 NSAID suppressed the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content of rat peritoneal cells in vitro and this correlated strongly with the
Volatile anesthetic pretreatment protects the vasculature from inflammation-induced injury via mechanisms involving the activation of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels and/or protein kinase C (PKC). Therefore, we hypothesized that K(ATP) and PKC agonists may mimic the
This study was conducted to explore the relationship between physicochemical property and toxic effectiveness using rat red blood cells (RBCs). The toxic effectiveness of acid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was systemically examined by the depletion of intracorpuscular adenosine
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is activated by stretch (mechanical), warm temperature, some epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, and lipopolysaccharide. TRPV4 is expressed throughout the gastrointestinal epithelia and its activation induces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) OBJECTIVE
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can ameliorate certain liver lesions involved in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). A previous study has found that stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive 5/Dmcr (SHRSP5/Dmcr) rats fed a high fat-cholesterol (HFC) diet developed fibrotic steatohepatitis with
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an important signaling molecule, participates in various pathophysiological processes via the activation of purinergic-receptors. Recent studies have shown that the expression and function of purinergic-receptors (P2-receptors) could be altered in diabetic or
BACKGROUND
Experiments were designed to investigate the effects of ethyl pyruvate (EP) in a murine model of hind-limb ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury.
METHODS
C57BL6 mice underwent 90 minutes of unilateral ischemia followed by 24 hours of reperfusion using two treatment protocols. For the
Addition of adenosine triphosphate to glycerol-treated rat lymphocytes produced characteristic cytoplasmic movements. These were inhibited or prevented by low concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid, phenylbutazone and indomethacin.
Background: Ischemic heart disease is an imperative cause of high morbidity and mortality globally. The cardiac ischemia/reperfusion damage occur in both reperfusion and ischemia.
Objective:
OBJECTIVE
Recently, two phase-II trials demonstrated improved renal function in critically ill patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury treated with the enzyme alkaline phosphatase. Here, we elucidated the dual active effect on renal protection of alkaline phosphatase.
METHODS
The effect
Adenosine and uridine triphosphate (ATP and UTP) can act as extracellular signalling molecules, playing important roles in vascular biology and disease. ATP and UTP acting via the P2Y2-receptor have, for example, been shown to regulate endothelial dilatation, inflammation and angiogenesis. MicroRNAs