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Clinical manifestations of mild organophosphorus compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) produced by diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP) in adult hens are potentiated by posttreatment with phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). The purpose of this study was to assess whether potentiation of
The technical grade of xylenes (mixed) (hereafter termed xylenes) contains the three isomeric forms and ethylbenzene (percentage composition shown above). The annual production for 1985 was approximately 7.4 x 108 gallons. Xylenes is used as a solvent and a cleaning agent and as a degreaser and is a
The delayed neurotoxic effects of tri-o-cresyl-phosphate (TOCP), O-methyl-O-(4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl) phenylphosphonothioate (leptophos), and O-ethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) phenylphosphonothioate (EPN) at 5, 5, and 1 mg/kg/day, respectively, on male sheep were studied during 6 months of daily oral
Chlordecone (0.1 to 10 mg) or corn oil vehicle was injected into Japanese quail eggs on day 1 of incubation. Higher doses (0.5-10 mg per egg) produced tremor and ataxia at hatching and dose-related decreases in hatchability and survivability. Doses lower than 0.25 mg per egg had no effects. Gonad
Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used organophosphate insecticide, was screened for neurotoxic effects in Fischer 344 rats using United States Environmental Protection Agency 1991 guidelines for single-dose and 13-wk repeated dose studies. The studies emphasized a functional observational battery (which
[carisoprodol structure: see text] Carisoprodol is a widely used skeletal muscle relaxant and analgesic and is available as a prescription drug. Comparative studies were conducted to determine the toxicity of carisoprodol administered in corn oil and in 0.5% methylcellulose by gavage. Carisoprodol
Adult white leghorn chickens, ring-necked pheasants, mallards, bobwhites, and Japanese quail were administered single oral doses of tri-o-tolyl phosphate (TOTP) at levels of 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight. Corn oil served as the vehicle control. At 24 h after dosing, half the birds from
The susceptibility of wild mallard ducklings to the delayed neurotoxic effect of the neurotoxic organophosphorus insecticides cyanofenphos and leptophos was evaluated following a daily dosing regimen. Ducklings were treated daily with either cyanofenphos or with leptophos at different dose levels
B6C3F1 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats displayed the characteristic signs of pyrethroid intoxication following single oral doses ranging from 56 to 320 and 133 to 1000 mg/kg fenvalerate, respectively. The LD50s for mice and rats were 180 and 776 mg/kg, respectively, with corn oil as the vehicle. Signs
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis studies of a-methylbenzyl alcohol (greater than 99% pure), a cosmetic ingredient and food flavoring agent, were conducted by administering the chemical in corn oil by gavage to groups of F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice of each sex for 16 days, 13 weeks, or 2 years.
Benzyl acetate is used as a flavoring agent in foods, as a fragrance in soaps and perfumes, as a solvent for cellulose acetate and nitrate, and as a component of printing inks and varnish removers. The NTP previously studied the toxicology and carcinogenicity of this chemical in F344/N rats and
Hexachloroethane is used in organic synthesis as a retarding agent in fermentation, as a camphor substitute in nitrocellulose, in pyrotechnics and smoke devices, in explosives, and as a solvent. In previous long-term gavage studies with B6C3F1 mice and Osbourne-Mendel rats (78 weeks of exposure
METHODS
66 horses were potentially exposed to phosphine (a gas) 14 hours after being fed a pelleted ration treated with aluminum phosphide.
RESULTS
28 horses had clinical signs of profuse sweating, tachycardia, tachypnea, pyrexia, ataxia, seizures, and widespread muscle tremors. Clinically relevant
2,4-Hexadienal, a colorless to yellow liquid with a pungent "green" or citrus odor, is used as a food additive for flavor enhancement, as a fragrance agent, as a starting material or intermediate in synthetic reactions in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, as a fumigant, and as a corrosion
Tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) is an organophosphorus ester. It is capable of producing organophosphorus ester induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) in human being and sensitive animals, which is characterized by ataxia that progresses to paralysis after 1-3 weeks following exposure to some