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We have analyzed the intracellular transport of the spike (S) protein of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), an avian coronavirus. Surface expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy, by surface biotinylation, and by syncytium formation by S-expressing cells. By applying these methods,
Cell-surface receptor tyrosine kinases play pivotal roles in development, tissue repair, and normal cellular homeostasis. Aberrant expression or signaling patterns of these kinases has also been linked to the progression of a diversity of diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, asthma, and
Eosinophil-associated conditions, such as asthma and eosinophilic bronchitis, have been associated with chronic persistent cough, usually responding to corticosteroid therapy. This case study reports a case of persistent cough associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) and hypereosinophilia.
Some pulmonary diseases like bronchitis or asthma bronchiale are mediated by inflammatory mechanisms in bronchial epithelial cells. Alveolar macrophages are located directly in the surrounding of these cells, so that we suppose an interaction between epithelial cells and macrophages regarding to the
Understanding of host pathogen interactions is important in planning strategies for effective control of the pathogen. The present study investigated the regulation of genes involved in the activation of splenic immune system in mature laying chickens challenged with T strain of infectious
The isoprenoid pathway produces three key metabolites--endogenous digoxin (membrane sodium-potassium ATPase inhibitor, immunomodulator, and regulator of neurotransmitter/amino acid transport), dolichol (regulates N-glycosylation of proteins), and ubiquinone (free radical scavenger). This was
A ferret model was used to evaluate the potential role of an Eph family tyrosine kinase (fHek2) in tracheal development of surface airway epithelium and submucosal glands. A partial 2.6-kb cDNA fragment of fHek2 was isolated from a ferret tracheal/lung cDNA library. Sequence analysis demonstrated
Ten reference genes were investigated for normalisation of candidate target gene expression data in the shell gland and spleen of laying hens challenged with two strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Data were analysed with geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper, and a comprehensive ranking
Coronavirus spike (S) proteins are responsible for binding and fusion with target cells and thus play an essential role in virus infection. Recently, we identified a dilysine endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrieval signal and a tyrosine-based endocytosis signal in the cytoplasmic tail of the S protein
A 67-year-old Caucasian male presented in January, 2013, with difficulty in breathing and pyrexia. This was following a course of antibiotics for a previous chest infection that had begun at the beginning of January and had not responded to therapy. His past medical history included chronic myeloid
Vanadium pentoxide (V(2)O(5)) is a cause of occupational asthma and chronic bronchitis, yet the molecular mechanisms through which V(2)O(5) exerts its effects on cell function are unclear. In this study we investigated the potential of V(2)O(5) to activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinases
The main etiologic factor for chronic bronchitis is cigarette smoke. Exposure to cigarette smoke is reported to induce goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus production. Mucin synthesis in airways has been reported to be regulated by the EGFR system. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma
Airway mucus hypersecretion is a clinical feature of a number of childhood diseases, including asthma and bronchitis-associated conditions. However, compared with adults, there is relatively scarce information concerning mucus pathophysiology in respiratory diseases in children. The available
Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum (CZL) has been used in Eastern medicine for the treatment of various diseases, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, cough, the common cold, pharyngitis, bladder-related disorders, gastroenteric disorders, and hypertension. In the present study, we
Chlamydia Pneumoniae (C. Pn) is an obligatory intracellular bacterium that is associated with respiratory tract infections like pneumonia, pharyngitis and bronchitis. It has also been implicated in cerebrovascular (stroke) as well as cardiovascular diseases. The most possible pathway via which C. Pn