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Systemic administration of islet-derived antigens has been shown to protect against diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse by the induction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells. Bystander regulation to related and unrelated islet-derived antigens (intramolecular and intermolecular
Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) are present in humans before and after the onset of clinical insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD). The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, a model of human IDD, develops mononuclear cell infiltration of the pancreatic islets ('insulitis') associated
DNA vaccination encoding beta cell autoantigens has been shown very recently to prevent type I diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. However, DNA vaccination encoding microbial or reporter antigens is known to induce specific long-lasting CD4 Th1 and strong cytolytic CD8 T cell responses. As
Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) has been implicated as a targeted self antigen in the immune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. T cell responses to GAD65 peptides have been detected in both patients with type I diabetes and in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. To establish which GAD65
To compare the clinical usefulness of commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits based on recombinant and pig brain GAD, we measured glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADAb) titers in 125 non-obese (body mass index < 24) Japanese diabetics without insulin therapy using two commercial RIA kits
Study was made of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) in 729 obese subjects in various groups, namely, primary school children, high school children, university students, and outpatients. The incidences of
Two monoclonal antibodies specifically recognizing the 65 kDa isoform of the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) were generated by fusion of spleen cells of a non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse which had received a single intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 ml complete Freund's adjuvant followed three
OBJECTIVE
Given the important role of the beta2-adrenoceptor (beta2-AR) in lipid mobilization and the lack of studies in Southern European countries, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of the glutamine 27 glutamic acid (Gln27Glu) beta2-AR polymorphism in the susceptibility to obesity
BACKGROUND
The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1042714 or glutamine 27 glutamic acid (Gln27Glu), in the adrenoceptor β2 surface (ADRB2) gene has previously been examined for association with obesity with inconclusive results. The objective of this study was to determine whether the ADRB2
BACKGROUND
The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with the rapid spread of obesity. Obesity induces insulin resistance, resulting in β-cell dysfunction and thus T2DM. Green tea extract (GTE) has been known to prevent obesity and T2DM, but this effect is still
Knowing the autoantigen target(s) in an organ-specific autoimmune disease is essential to understanding its pathogenesis. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the islets of Langerhans (insulitis) and destruction of
Tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) are being researched as a promising intervention strategy also in autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes (T1D). T1D is a T-cell-mediated, organ-specific disease with several well-defined and rather specific autoantigens, i.e., proinsulin, insulin, glutamic acid
Although type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T-cell-mediated disease in the effector stage, the mechanism behind the initial beta cell assault is less understood. Metabolomic differences, including elevated levels of glutamic acid, have been observed in patients with T1D before disease onset, as well as in
Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (gamma-PGA) is a mucilaginous and biodegradable compound produced by Bacillus subtilis from fermented soybeans, and is found in the traditional Korean soy product, cheongkukjang. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of gamma-PGA from a food source on the
This study investigated the effects of administering poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), isoflavones, and γ-PGA with isoflavones on the lipid, fatty liver, and gene expression levels associated with fatty acid oxidation and adipose synthesis in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6 mice. The results