bilobalide/hypoxia

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Bilobalide attenuates hypoxia induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunctions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via its antioxidant potential.

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Excessive expansion of white adipose tissue leads to hypoxia which is considered as a key factor responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity. Hypoxia induces inflammation, insulin resistance, and other obesity related complications. So the hypoxia-signalling pathway is expected to provide

Effects of bilobalide on hypoxia/hypoglycemia-stimulated glutamate efflux from rat cortical brain slices.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bilobalide, the postulated active constituent of Ginkgo biloba, on the release of glutamate elicited by hypoxia/hypoglycemia. Cortical slices were prepared from rat brain and perfused with normal artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) or aCSF

Bilobalide abates inflammation, insulin resistance and secretion of angiogenic factors induced by hypoxia in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by controlling NF-κB and JNK activation.

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Obesity leads to inflammation and insulin resistance in adipose tissue. Hypoxia, observed in obese adipose tissue is suggested as a major cause of inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. However, the role of hypoxia in adipose tissue during obesity and insulin resistance was not well

Protection of hypoxia-induced ATP decrease in endothelial cells by ginkgo biloba extract and bilobalide.

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Due to their localization at the interface between blood and tissue, endothelial cells are the first target of any change occurring within the blood, and alterations of their functions can seriously impair organs. During hypoxia, which mimics in vivo ischemia, a cascade of events occurs in the

Phospholipid breakdown and choline release under hypoxic conditions: inhibition by bilobalide, a constituent of Ginkgo biloba.

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A marked increase of choline release from rat hippocampal slices was observed when the slices were superfused with oxygen-free buffer, indicating hypoxia-induced hydrolysis of choline-containing phospholipids. This increase of choline release was suppressed by bilobalide, an ingredient of Ginkgo

Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) inhibits mitochondria-dependent caspase pathway and prevents apoptosis in hypoxia-reoxygenated cardiomyocytes.

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BACKGROUND EGb761 is a standard extract from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba (Yinxing) containing ginkgo-flavone glycosides and terpenoid. The flavonoid components of EGb761 scavenge free radicals and protect myocardia from ischemia-reperfusion injury. The present study aims to determine the effects of

Effects of bilobalide on cerebral amino acid neurotransmission.

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Bilobalide is one of many active constituents found in EGb 761 (definition see editorial), which is extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves. Whilst there is good, sound evidence that bilobalide exhibits neuroprotective actions in a variety of model systems, there is currently no consensus on its

Excitotoxic hippocampal membrane breakdown and its inhibition by bilobalide: role of chloride fluxes.

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We have previously shown that hypoxia and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation induce breakdown of choline-containing phospholipids in rat hippocampus, a process which is mediated by calcium influx and phospholipase A (2) activation. Bilobalide, a constituent of Ginkgo biloba, inhibited

Bilobalide, a constituent of Ginkgo biloba, inhibits NMDA-induced phospholipase A2 activation and phospholipid breakdown in rat hippocampus.

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In rat hippocampal slices superfused with magnesium-free buffer, glutamate (1 mM) caused the release of large amounts of choline due to phospholipid breakdown. This phenomenon was mimicked by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in a calcium-sensitive manner and was blocked by NMDA receptor antagonists such

Anti-ischaemic effects of bilobalide on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and the involvement of the platelet-activating factor receptor.

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Terpene trilactones from Ginkgo biloba have been investigated extensively for their antioxidant and anti-ischaemic activities on the brain and the heart, but the mechanisms of these effects remain unclear. For the present study, a terpenoid constituent from G. biloba, bilobalide, was screened for

Bilobalide and neuroprotection.

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In vivo studies have indicated that systemically administered bilobalide, a sesquiterpene trilactone constituent of Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts, can reduce cerebral edema produced by triethyltin, decrease cortical infarct volume in certain stroke models, and reduce cerebral ischemia. In vitro and ex

Mitochondrial respiratory chain as a new target for anti-ischemic molecules.

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Vascular diseases like thrombosis, myocardial infarction, cerebral ischemia or chronic venous insufficiency affect a high proportion of the population. They are all associated with more or less pronounced ischemic conditions. We have previously shown that some venotropic drugs display an

[Value of Ginkgo biloba in treatment of Alzheimer dementia].

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During the last decade, there has been an explosive growth of research concerning the extract of Ginkgo biloba termed Egb 761. In experimental studies, animal studies and clinical studies Ginkgo biloba has shown a similar pharmacological potency and clinical efficacy like synthetic defined drugs in

Inhibition of serum deprivation- and staurosporine-induced neuronal apoptosis by Ginkgo biloba extract and some of its constituents.

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Previous studies have already demonstrated that some constituents of an extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb), such as ginkgolide B and bilobalide, protect cultured neurons from hypoxia- and glutamate-induced damage. This prompted us to investigate whether they were also able to inhibit neuronal apoptosis.

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