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In this review we present the pathophysiology of tobacco smoking and its effect on respiration, circulation and the digestive tract. Smokers have a higher risk of postoperative respiratory complications. Smoking approximately 20 cigarettes a day over twenty years significantly influences the
Sch 37224 is an experimental antiallergy compound that inhibits hyperventilation-induced bronchoconstriction (HIB) in guinea pigs and cold air bronchospasm in human asthmatics. HIB in guinea pigs may involve the release of tachykinins such as neurokinin A (NKA) and substance P (SP), and the action
BACKGROUND
Adenosine cardiac stress is widely used as an alternative to exercise testing during myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Dyspnea often accompanies the adenosine stress test. Although known asthmatic patients are excluded from this test because of the danger of bronchospasm, there is
The effects of passive tobacco smoke exposure upon respiratory symptoms and lung function were assessed in a cross-sectional survey of 770 children 7 yr of age, using cotinine as a quantitative biochemical marker of exposure. Salivary cotinine levels were strongly related to the number of smokers in
Postoperative pulmonary complications contribute considerably to morbidity and mortality, especially after major thoracic or abdominal surgery. Clinically relevant pulmonary complications include the exacerbation of underlying chronic lung disease, bronchospasm, atelectasis, pneumonia and
Smoking is a public health issue, especially during the perioperative period. Tobacco increases the risk of hospital mortality by 20% and major postoperative complications by 40%. Active smoking is associated with respiratory complications particularly bronchospasm and pneumonia, but also all
Cough is a common symptom of respiratory diseases associated with irritation or inflammation of the airways, and symptomatic antitussive drugs are frequently prescribed to control an abnormal cough reflex. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of moguisteine, a novel, peripheral, nonnarcotic
OBJECTIVE
To review clinical and therapeutic bases of an organophosphate poisoning, either with insecticide or nerve agent.
METHODS
References were obtained from computerized bibliographic research (Medline), from personal data (academic memoir, documents under approbation of the National Defense
BACKGROUND
Heroin use can be responsible for many respiratory complications including asthma.
OBJECTIVE
Systematic literature review of data on asthma in heroin users.
UNASSIGNED
Medline®, on the period 1980-2017 with the following keywords: keywords: "asthma" or "bronchospasm" and "heroin" or
Cannabis is a common substance of drug abuse among the young adults because of its euphoric and addictive effects. The pathophysiological effects of cannabis smoking and its relation to adverse cardiovascular events are well known. However, the relative contribution of cannabis smoking when combined
BACKGROUND
Tobacco smoke has detrimental effects on the respiratory system. This study investigated the associations of active and passive smoking with asthma symptoms in Hong Kong adolescents.
METHODS
A total of 6,494 Hong Kong secondary school students, with a mean ± SD age of 15.0 ± 1.21 years,
We aimed to analyze anesthesia timing and perioperative respiratory adverse event (PRAE) risk factors in children undergoing therapeutic cardiac catheterization after upper respiratory tract infection (URI).We prospectively included children for elective The expansion of our knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of asthma has now made clear that it is an inflammatory disease. Although the treatment of bronchospasm associated with asthma is essential, it is important to consider the inflammatory aspect of the disease. The first therapeutic approach is
Volatile substance addiction and toxic gas inhalation are now an important health problem. The pleasure-based inhalation of butane gas, also known as lighter refill gas, is especially prevalent among children and young people. The most important reasons for this situation are that they are cheap and
OBJECTIVE
Perioperative cardiac risk reduction using perioperative beta-blockade is being widely adopted. Recent research has identified a second-line agent, perioperative clonidine, that can be used to reduce the risk of perioperative cardiac mortality. Perioperative clonidine has some advantages