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Unregulated insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells in hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia syndrome: role of glutamate dehydrogenase, ATP-sensitive potassium channel, and nonselective cation channel.

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The hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia (HI/HA) syndrome is caused by "gain of function" of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Several missense mutations have been found; however, cell behaviors triggered by the excessive GDH activity have not been fully demonstrated. This study was aimed to clarify

Decreased potassium-stimulated release of [3H]D-aspartate from hippocampal slices distinguishes encephalopathy related to acute liver failure from that induced by simple hyperammonemia.

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The calcium-dependent, high (65 mM) potassium-evoked release of the L-glutamate analogue [3H]D-aspartate (D-Asp) was measured in hippocampal slices derived from rats with (a) hepatic encephalopathy (HE) induced with a hepatotoxin, thioacetamide, (b) hyperammonemia produced by i.p. administration of

Methionine sulfoximine, a glutamine synthetase inhibitor, attenuates increased extracellular potassium activity during acute hyperammonemia.

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Hyperammonemia causes glutamine accumulation and astrocyte swelling. Inhibition of glutamine synthesis reduces ammonia-induced edema formation and watery swelling in astrocyte processes. Ordinarily, astrocytes tightly control extracellular K+ activity [K+]e. We tested the hypothesis that acute

[Protective action of the potassium and magnesium salts of aspartic acid in hyperammonemia induced in animals (dogs) undergoing partial hepatectomy].

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Hypothesis: A molecular basis for the hyperammonemia and potassium wastage associated with hepatic failure.

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[Management of hyperammonemia in cor pulmonale by means of magnesium-potassium aspartate administration (Tromcardin)].

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Cerebral blood flow in hyperammonemia: heterogeneity and starling forces in capillaries.

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In the brain hyperammonemia interferes with ion homeostasis, membrane potentials, neurotransmission, and neurotransmitter recycling and reduces metabolic rates for oxygen and glucose. Because, cerebral blood flow (CBF) is closely coupled to metabolism, CBF is most often reduced in diseases

Hyperammonemia in distal renal tubular acidosis: is it more common than we think?

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The hyperammonemia in distal renal tubular acidosis, previously only described in two cases, is considered an unusual occurrence. After the report published in 2005, we observed plasma ammonia levels above normal range during metabolic decompensation in two other consecutive pediatric patients

Gene expression profiling of astrocytes from hyperammonemic mice reveals altered pathways for water and potassium homeostasis in vivo.

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Acute hyperammonemia (HA) causes cerebral edema and brain damage in children with urea cycle disorders (UCDs) and in patients in acute liver failure. Chronic HA is associated with developmental delay and mental retardation in children with UCDs, and with neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with

Binding of the ligand [3H]MK-801 to the MK-801 binding site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor during experimental encephalopathy from acute liver failure and from acute hyperammonemia in the rabbit.

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Binding of the ligand [3H]MK-801 to the MK-801 binding site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor population on brain homogenates in rabbits was studied during experimental encephalopathy from acute liver failure and from acute hyperammonemia in the rabbit. Homogenates were prepared from brain

Hyperammonemia, increased brain neutral and aromatic amino acid levels, and encephalopathy induced by cyanide in mice.

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The correlation among hyperammonemia, brain neutral amino acid, and encephalopathy induced by cyanide was investigated in mice. Subcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg of potassium cyanide increased the levels of blood ammonia by 2.5-fold as compared to those of the corresponding controls and caused loss

45CaCl2 autoradiography in brain from rabbits with encephalopathy from acute liver failure or acute hyperammonemia.

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In experimental hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia, extracellular levels of glutamate are increased in hippocampus and cerebral cortex. It has been suggested that overstimulation of glutamate receptors causes a pathological entry of calcium into neurons via receptor-operated (NMDA- and

Neuronal and glial marker proteins in encephalopathy associated with acute liver failure and acute hyperammonemia in the rabbit.

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Neuronal and glial cell marker proteins were quantified in order to evaluate the possibility of increased proteolysis in the brain of rabbits with acute liver failure and acute hyperammonemia. Acute liver failure was induced by a two-stage devascularization procedure. Acute hyperammonemia was

Extracellular brain glutamate during acute liver failure and during acute hyperammonemia simulating acute liver failure: an experimental study based on in vivo brain dialysis.

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Hyperammonemia is thought to be important in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. However, the mechanism leading to ammonia toxicity is still not known. Since the metabolism of the most important excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate, is closely linked to that of ammonia, it has been

Ammonia triggers neuronal disinhibition and seizures by impairing astrocyte potassium buffering.

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Ammonia is a ubiquitous waste product of protein metabolism that can accumulate in numerous metabolic disorders, causing neurological dysfunction ranging from cognitive impairment to tremor, ataxia, seizures, coma and death. The brain is especially vulnerable to ammonia as it readily crosses the

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