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The development and starch accumulation of cereal endosperms rely on the sugar supply of leaves, which is subject to diurnal cycles, and the endosperm itself also experiences a light/dark switch. However, revealing how the cereal endosperm responds to diurnal input remains a major challenge. We used
The development process of seed in plants is a cycle of cells which occur gradually and regularly. One of the genes involved in controling this stage is the Wee1 gene. Wee1 encode protein kinase which plays an important role in phosphorylation, inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1
Airway inflammation and remodeling in chronic asthma are characterized by airway eosinophilia, hyperplasia of smooth muscle and goblet cells, and subepithelial fibrosis. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of DA-9201, an ethanolic extract of black rice (Oryza sativa L.), on
Grain-filling is a crucial process that determines final grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). To understand the genetic basis of dynamics of grain-filling, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was conducted using time-related phenotypic data on grain-filling collected from a population of 155
The endosperm cell wall affects post-harvest grain quality by affecting the mechanical fragility and water absorption of the grain. Therefore, understanding the mechanism underlying endosperm cell wall synthesis is important for determining the growth and quality of cereals. However, the molecular
Although embryo accounts for only 2-3% of the total weight of a rice grain, it is a good source of various nutrients for human health. Because enlarged embryo size causes increase of the amount of nutrients and bioactive compounds stored within rice grain, giant embryo mutants of rice To elucidate the genetic mechanism that regulates meristem maintenance in monocots, here we have examined the function of the gene FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER2 (FON2) in Oryza sativa (rice). Mutations in FON2 cause enlargement of the floral meristem, resulting in an increase in the number of floral organs,
In plants, morphogenesis is largely determined by the orientation and extent of cell enlargement. To define the molecular mechanisms regulating plant cell enlargement, we have conducted a molecular genetic analysis of the ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3 (RHD3) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutations affecting
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed serves as a major food source for over half of the global population. Though it has been long recognized that phosphorylation plays an essential role in rice seed development, the phosphorylation events and dynamics in this process remain largely unknown so far. Here, we
Pollen abortion is one of the major reasons causing the inter-subspecific F(1) hybrid sterility in rice and is due to allelic interaction of F(1) pollen sterility genes. The microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis of Taichung 65 and its three F(1) hybrids were comparatively studied by using
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors known as KRPs (kip-related proteins) control the progression of plant cell cycles and modulate various plant developmental processes. However, the function of KRPs in rice remains largely unknown. In this study, two rice KRPs members, KRP1 and KRP2,
An in situ regeneration system for rice calli comprised of a callus growth stage and two regeneration stages was developed. After the first stage of regeneration, the medium is changed and the calli are immobilized in polyurethane foam supports, in each of which 3-5 regenerated plantlets develop
Starch is a biologically and commercially important polymer of glucose and is synthesized to form starch grains (SGs) inside amyloplasts. Cereal endosperm accumulates starch to levels that are more than 90% of the total weight, and most of the intracellular space is occupied by SGs. The size of SGs
Meristems such as the shoot apical meristem and flower meristem (FM) act as a reservoir of stem cells, which reproduce themselves and supply daughter cells for the differentiation of lateral organs. In Oryza sativa (rice), the FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER2 (FON2) gene, which is similar to Arabidopsis
Stem cell maintenance in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) is very important for plant development and is regulated by the WUSCHEL-CLAVATA (WUS-CLV) feedback loop in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). WUS promotes stem cell identity, whereas CLV negatively regulates stem