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Round robin testing for quality assurance in the determination of the breast cancer biomarkers estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) have been carried out in Germany for 13 years. As the first quality assurance trial worldwide tissue
Determining ErbB2/Her-2/neu status has become an essential part of breast cancer diagnosis and a prerequisite before considering a patient's eligibility for treatment with trastuzumab. Currently the most common techniques to assess ErbB2 status in routine practice are the identification of receptor
Long-term breast cancer survivors are women surviving at least 5 years after diagnosis. This systematic review aimed to summarize the main characteristics and patterns of healthcare service use (frequency of visits, health providers visited, and preventive care performed) among Molecular biomarker analysis is increasingly being used as a basis for individualized therapy selection. In breast cancer established standard biomarkers are hormone receptors, HER2 and if indicated Ki67. In particular for hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative tumors, gene expression analysis
Robin L Jones speaks to Jade Parker, Commissioning Editor: Robin Jones is a medical oncologist specializing in the treatment of bone and soft tissue sarcomas and Head of the Sarcoma Unit at The Royal Marsden. He completed his medical training at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, and his oncology
Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen used as the current adjuvant endocrine treatment of choice for premenopausal women treated for breast cancer and its potential for causing fetal harm during pregnancy remains inconclusive. While the evidence of tamoxifen's effects on humans in utero is
BACKGROUND
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prognostic value of total tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and subtypes of TILs (CD4
+, CD8
+, and FOXP3
+) in triple-negative
breast cancer Background: Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that has been implicated in breast cancer etiology, albeit with inconsistent results.
Objective: To investigate the shape of the
Background: Side-effects of hormone therapy can impair the physical health of breast cancer survivors. Exercise has been clearly shown to improve the quality of life of breast cancer survivors. Less is known about the effects of exercise
The authors investigated the potential utility of artificial neural networks as a decision-making aid to radiologists in the analysis of mammographic data. Three-layer, feed-forward neural networks with a back-propagation algorithm were trained for the interpretation of mammograms on the basis of
OBJECTIVE
To convert and optimize our previously developed computerized analysis methods for use with images from full-field digital mammography (FFDM) for breast mass classification to aid in the diagnosis of breast cancer.
METHODS
An institutional review board approved protocol was obtained, with
Consider a randomized trial in which time to the occurrence of a particular disease, say pneumocystis pneumonia in an AIDS trial or breast cancer in a mammographic screening trial, is the failure time of primary interest. Suppose that time to disease is subject to informative censoring by the
Consider a randomized trial in which time to the occurrence of a particular disease, say pneumocystic pneumonia in an AIDS trial or breast cancer in a mammographic screening trial, is the failure time of primary interest. Suppose that time to disease is subject to informative censoring by the
Analysis and interpretation of observational studies of screening effectiveness is difficult because several biases threaten validity, including the structural healthy screenee bias, length bias, and effects of lead time. Although methods for the analysis of observational studies of screening
A large phase III study on the use of the HER2 antibody trastuzumab in locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer has now been completed. Patients whose tumors were either scored on immunohistochemistry (IHC) as 3+ (independently of the result of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)) or as