A Clinical Study of Fundus Findings in Toxaemia of Pregnancy
Keywords
Abstract
Description
An observational study in which the patients for the study are selected from antenatal clinic, antenatal ward and "preeclampsia and eclampsia room" in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and general Ophthalmic Out Patient Department(OPD) in case of ambulatory patients during the period of November 2003 to June 2006 randomly.In every case, detail obstetric history including a detail antenatal history was taken. General examination and relevant pathological investigations like routine blood count, HIV, HBsAg, renal function tests, TORCH complex etc., were carried out. In every case, pupil was dilated with homatropine (2%) eye drops. Then detailed ophthalmic examination was carried out with special emphasis on direct ophthalmoscopy apart from visual acuity of both eyes and anterior segment examination. Fundus findings were noted in detail, changes in the color of the disc, disc margin, physiological cup, changes in retinal blood vessels especially caliber of vessels, arterio‑venous (AV) ratio,changes in vessel wall, blood column, appearance of vascular light reflex, changes at AV crossings, changes in macular area and changes in background, overall appearance, presence of hemorrhages, exudates or any pathology were recorded.
Fundus changes were graded as per modified Keith, Wagner and Barker classification.Assessment of prognosis as regards to vision and life (mortality) was made.
Dates
Last Verified: | 02/28/2017 |
First Submitted: | 10/29/2016 |
Estimated Enrollment Submitted: | 03/05/2017 |
First Posted: | 03/09/2017 |
Last Update Submitted: | 03/09/2017 |
Last Update Posted: | 03/12/2017 |
Actual Study Start Date: | 10/31/2003 |
Estimated Primary Completion Date: | 05/31/2006 |
Estimated Study Completion Date: | 05/31/2006 |
Condition or disease
Intervention/treatment
Other: Clinical ophthalmoscopy in PIH
Phase
Arm Groups
Arm | Intervention/treatment |
---|---|
Clinical ophthalmoscopy in PIH An observational study in which the patients for the study are selected from antenatal clinic, antenatal ward and "preeclampsia and eclampsia room" in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and general ophthalmic OPD in case of ambulatory patients during the period of November 2003 to June 2006 randomly. | Other: Clinical ophthalmoscopy in PIH To study the role of clinical ophthalmoscopy in PIH in diagnosis, prognosis, differential diagnosis, line of treatment and effect of treatment. |
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study | 18 Years To 18 Years |
Sexes Eligible for Study | Female |
Sampling method | Non-Probability Sample |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers | Yes |
Criteria | Inclusion Criteria: - Cases of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension. Exclusion Criteria: - Cases complicated by malignancy, renal, liver or other secondary manifestations. |
Outcome
Primary Outcome Measures
1. The relation of positive fundus changes with number of cases of pregnancy induced hypertension [Nov. 2003 to June 2006 randomly]
2. The relation of number of cases of PIH and positive fundus findings with number of gravida [Nov. 2003 to June 2006 randomly]
3. Relationship between total number of cases of PIH and fundus changes according to age [Nov. 2003 to June 2006 randomly]
4. Relationship between number of cases of PIH and fundus changes according to duration of pregnancy [Nov. 2003 to June 2006 randomly]
5. The relation of number of cases of PIH and fundus findings with systolic blood pressure [Nov. 2003 to June 2006 randomly]
6. The relation of number of cases of PIH and fundus findings with diastolic blood pressure [Nov. 2003 to June 2006 randomly]
7. The relation of number of cases of PIH according to fundus changes (according to modified Keith, Wagner and Barker classification) [Nov. 2003 to June 2006 randomly]
8. The relation of individual fundus findings with no. of cases of PIH [Nov. 2003 to June 2006 randomly]
Secondary Outcome Measures
1. Distribution of PIH cases on fetal outcome [Nov. 2003 to June 2006 randomly]
2. The relation of fundus changes with perinatal mortality [Nov. 2003 to June 2006 randomly]