Effect of Trait Anxiety in Women on Oral Health Status and Oral Health Care-Seeking Behavior
Keywords
Abstract
Description
Trait anxiety is a major risk factor for developing anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder, all sharing the same genetic and environmental etiological factors. Another hypothesis is that the etiological factors predispose first to the occurrence of trait anxiety which afterwards, develops into anxiety disorders and clinical depression. Based on this, it's of great importance to be attentive to trait anxiety in clinical practice and research. It's also important to investigate how trait anxiety leads to poorer health outcomes in order to lower its burden and consequences.
Years lived with disability (YLD) is one component that assists in measuring the burden of disease. YLD is the number of years that a person lives with disease. Globally, 24.6 million years lived with disability was due to anxiety disorders. 354 YLD per 100,000 populations were recorded in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Moreover, anxiety ranked the seventh cause of YLD in the Eastern Mediterranean region.
Oral disorders (e.g. periodontal disease and dental caries) collectively have been the most prevalent conditions from 1990 to 2017. Globally, 3.4 billion people lived with oral disorders in 2017.
Bruxism by definition is an activity that involves clenching and grinding of the teeth during sleep(nocturnal bruxism) or when awake(diurnal bruxism). Dentists regard bruxism as a major issue due to its consequences, which range from the destruction of the tooth structure and dental restorations to tempro-mandibular joint (TMJ) manifestations as well as temporal headaches reported by the patients. Psychological disorders such as stress and anxiety are risk factors for the development of bruxism in individuals. Results from previous studies on the relationship between anxiety and bruxism were contradictory; while some studies reported an association between anxiety in different age groups and bruxism, other studies denied such relationship. It's important to study the association between common mental disorders and the occurrence of bruxism activity.
High frequency of sugar consumption in food and beverages has been linked to several common mental disorders. Individuals with mood disorders usually follow a diet that has high amounts of sugar and fats and low amount of fibers. Dental caries is majorly dependent on the frequency of sugar intake, in addition to its form and amount. Therefore individuals with common mental disorders are at an increased risk of developing 'rampant caries'. Rampant caries by definition is a progressive and rapidly appearing dental caries with acute onset, which leads to early pulp involvement, and affects a large number of erupted teeth. Therefore it is of great importance for dental practitioners not only to treat the disease outcome, but also to identify the different phases of the disease. According to this, assessing the risk of developing dental caries in mentally vulnerable patients has been of great importance to tailor a preventive approach specially designed for each patient.
Study procedures:
- A comprehensive literature review was conducted using electronic databases to identify relevant tools (questionnaires and clinical examination tools) to be used in the present study.
- Data about socio-demographic characteristics, severity of trait anxiety(assessed by Egyptian version of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI Y2 form), presence of bruxism activity, self-perceived dental health status and oral health care-seeking behavior will be collected by means of questionnaires.
- Clinical examination to assess periodontal health condition and caries risk assessment will be conducted.
- All data, as well as, clinical examination will be conducted via one well-trained investigator.
Dates
Last Verified: | 03/31/2020 |
First Submitted: | 02/15/2020 |
Estimated Enrollment Submitted: | 02/15/2020 |
First Posted: | 02/17/2020 |
Last Update Submitted: | 04/24/2020 |
Last Update Posted: | 04/27/2020 |
Actual Study Start Date: | 02/04/2020 |
Estimated Primary Completion Date: | 11/29/2020 |
Estimated Study Completion Date: | 12/29/2020 |
Condition or disease
Phase
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study | 20 Years To 20 Years |
Sexes Eligible for Study | Female |
Sampling method | Non-Probability Sample |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers | Yes |
Criteria | Inclusion Criteria: - Egyptian women - Age range: From late adolescence to early elderly (20-55 years of age) Exclusion Criteria: - Women who do not consent to participate in the study. - Women who have any diagnosed medical disorders that directly affect their oral health (e.g. Diabetes). - Women with any diagnosed mental disorders. (Due to the increased incidence of dental caries and gingival disease in addition to the side effects of psychotropic drugs). - Pregnant women. (Due to the affection of gingival and periodontal condition). - Women seeking dental treatment.(Otherwise, oral health care-seeking behavior will be biased). Their number will be reported by a flow chart. |
Outcome
Primary Outcome Measures
1. Presence of gingival and periodontal disease [February 2020-November 2020]
2. Risk of developing dental caries [February 2020-November 2020]
3. Reports of bruxism activity [February 2020-November 2020]
Secondary Outcome Measures
1. Oral health care-seeking behavior [February 2020-December 2020]
2. Self-perceived dental health status [February 2020-December 2020]