Project Falcon: Exploring a Virtual Reality-based Video Game for Young People With Cerebral Palsy
Keywords
Abstract
Description
Motivation: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) experience various challenges in upper limb motor function (e.g. muscle weakness, impaired manual abilities, spasticity, ataxia, athetosis and/or dystonia) that can impede their activities and participation in daily life. Rehabilitation strategies to support children with CP in achieving improved upper limb control target these areas through strengthening, endurance building, and motor learning activities. Neuroplasticity and motor learning are promoted by repetitive practice in a motivating and rewarding environment, immediate feedback on performance, and use of tasks with appropriate complexity that is increased as progress is made. Many elements of video games (e.g. progressive difficulty levels, engaging game play) may support motor learning and early evidence suggests that interactive computer play is likely effective for improving lower limb function with some promising indications for upper limb rehabilitation. The majority of evidence comes from studies that have used commercial gaming systems where children interact with virtual objects on the screen via their movements. These systems, however, do not provide haptic feedback, which may aid in motor learning and the transference of skills practiced in virtual environments to real-life.
The Novint Falcon is a low-cost, three degree-of-freedom video game controller that can provide force and tactile feedback during game play. The three motors that enable the provision of haptic feedback can also be used to assist movements. A software development kit is available and enables custom design of games and applications. One previous study investigated this device in adults for stroke rehabilitation. While promising, one drawback identified was that the available mini-games did not practice therapeutically relevant movements.
Objective: Considering the upper limb motor challenges experienced by children with CP and the potential of the Novint Falcon to assist in their rehabilitation, research is needed to develop challenging video games adapted for this controller. The objectives of this proposal are 1) to adapt a low-cost haptic controller and compile a set of video games that provide tactile and force feedback for the rehabilitation of young people with CP, and 2) to explore the feasibility of the system and the effects on upper limb and hand function.
Methods: In pursuit of these two objectives:
1. Existing mini-games will be reviewed in partnership with therapists to identify promising games. Thereafter, new mini-games will be designed as needed to meet with therapeutic goals identified by the therapists. The design of the controller's grip will then be reviewed via a participatory design approach that engages both therapists and children with CP. New grips will be created as needed.
2. The resulting system will be evaluated in a clinic setting by children with hemiplegic CP (ages 7 to 16 years; n=14; 7/site) at Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital and Institut de réadaptation en déficience physique de Québec. Each child with CP will take part in one initial assessment session, 12 one-hour rehabilitation sessions over 12 weeks during which they will play games developed for the Novint Falcon, and one final assessment session. Independent evaluators will assess the children with CP before (two baseline measurements will be established) and after the 12-week intervention. The outcomes of interest include: Canadian Occupational Therapy Performance Measure, Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test, sensory profile, grip strength, and upper extremity range of motion. Further, child participants will complete the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale, while therapists will complete the System Usability scale.
Expected Outcomes. The results of this study if promising, will lay the foundation for a CIHR grant to explore the role of haptic feedback in interactive computer play therapies. Through this research, the investigators hope to offer an appealing tool to aid in the rehabilitation of children with CP that is both therapeutically valuable and enjoyable.
Dates
| Last Verified: | 11/30/2019 |
| First Submitted: | 01/28/2020 |
| Estimated Enrollment Submitted: | 03/03/2020 |
| First Posted: | 03/05/2020 |
| Last Update Submitted: | 03/03/2020 |
| Last Update Posted: | 03/05/2020 |
| Actual Study Start Date: | 12/31/2015 |
| Estimated Primary Completion Date: | 10/29/2018 |
| Estimated Study Completion Date: | 05/31/2019 |
Condition or disease
Intervention/treatment
Device: Experimental Arm
Phase
Arm Groups
| Arm | Intervention/treatment |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Experimental Arm Participants will take part in 12 one-hour rehabilitation sessions over 12 weeks in the clinic at Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital and Institut de réadaptation en déficience physique de Québec, during which they will play games developed for the Novint Falcon. | Device: Experimental Arm The Falcon contains a selection of 25+ games that require wrist extension and challenges children to grasp the controller with their affected hand. As children progress, they may advance to more difficult games that challenge the child to work against a resistance and/or apply greater grip forces. Therapists will be trained on the system, games, and given a guide summarizing the available games and the motor function areas targeted in the game. Using this guide, therapists can choose the games that are most suited to the child's abilities and goals. As multiple games will target many of the same motor function areas, children will have the option of choosing the games they like best to maximize motivational value. While this introduces some variability in the intervention, this flexibility is required to ensure that the therapy is targeting the specific interests, needs and goals of each individual child and is reflective of how ICP is used in a clinic setting. |
Eligibility Criteria
| Ages Eligible for Study | 7 Years To 7 Years |
| Sexes Eligible for Study | All |
| Accepts Healthy Volunteers | Yes |
| Criteria | Inclusion Criteria: - Diagnosis of hemiplegic cerebral palsy - Level I to III on the Manual Abilities Classification System (MACS) - Ability to understand and communicate in English (Holland Bloorview site) or French (IRDPQ site) at a grade 2 level or higher Exclusion Criteria: - Received Botulinum Toxin in the most recent 3 months - History of epilepsy - Past experience of an injury or disability that would render therapy unsafe - Visual, cognitive or auditory disabilities that interfere with the ICP |
Outcome
Primary Outcome Measures
1. Change in Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) [Measured at 0 weeks (pre-intervention) and 12 weeks (post-intervention).]
Secondary Outcome Measures
1. Change in Grip Strength [Measured at 0 weeks (pre-intervention) and 12 weeks (post-intervention).]
2. active/passive range of motion [Measured at 0 weeks (pre-intervention) and 12 weeks (post-intervention).]
3. Change in Children's Hand-use Experience Questionnaire (CHEQ) [Measured at 0 weeks (pre-intervention) and 12 weeks (post-intervention).]
4. Change in Shortened Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (S-PACES) [Measured at 1 week, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks.]
5. Change in the answers reported in custom feedback questionnaires [Measured at 1 week, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks.]
